Chp. 4 Book Flashcards
Define antigen
- foreign substance
- produce antibodies
Define antibodies
protein substances from leukocytes against antigens
The reaction between an antigen and an antibody is what type of response?
immune response
Define immune response
antibodies produces to destroy antigens
Other than the immune response, what is another antigen-antibody reaction?
Rh condition
Define sensitization
- presence of Rh+ in Rh- person
- occur: birth, miscarriage, abortion, blood transfusion
Define hemolytic disease of newborn
- Rh+ baby
- Rh+ antibodies attack embryo’s Rh+ erythrocytes
Define jaundice
- yellow skin
- excessive destruction of erythrocytes, produce bilirubin (chemical pigment)
How can bilirubin be decomposed?
phototherapy
Define congenital anomalies (A. Clubfoot)
- hereditary
- effect 1 or both feet
Define Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)
- congenital anomaly
- effects skin around eyes, lip, nose
Define anomaly
irregularity in a structure or organ
Define syndactyly
webbed fingers/toes
Define recombinant DNA technology
- taking gene from organism, insert into DNA of another organism
Define PCR (polymerase chain reaction)
- copy small segments of DNA
Define CRISPR
- change DNA sequence to turn off genes/replace them
Define syndrome
group of signs or symptoms that appear together
- produce clinical picture of disease or inherited abnormality
Define Turner syndrome
- female born with XO karyotype configuration
- short height, webbed neck, delay puberty, fail ovary production
Define Klinefelter syndrome
- males born with XXY karyotype configuration
- gynecomastia, less developed male organs, testicular atrophy, long legs, long hands
Define gynecomastia
increased breast tissue
Define marfan syndrome
-inherited connective tissue disorder
- tall, thin body
- long fingers, toes
Define transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
use of:
- resectoscope
- valves (control irrigated fluid)
- electrical loop (cut tissue, seal blood vessel)
Define benign prostatic hyperplasia
- prostatic tissue increases and interferes with urination
Define ultrasonography
- use ultrasound waves, produce image of viscus or tissue
Define echocardiogram
ultrasound image of the heart
What hormone is produced from the kidneys and stimulates erythrocytes
erythroprotein
What is an artificial form of human erythropoietin through recombinant DNA technology
epoetin alfa
Define hematocrit
What occurs when levels increase?
- rise in erythrocytes
- increased energy
- appetite
- stamina
