Chapter 5: Digestive System Flashcards
What is the order in which food enters and leaves the body?
- oral cavity
- pharynx
- esophagus
- stomach
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
- cecum
- ascending colon
- transverse colon
- sigmoid colon
- rectum
- anus
During digestion what aids the oral cavity to breaking up food?
salivary glands
During digestion what releases hormones to the duodenum?
pancreas
What are the segments of the small intestine?
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
What segments are part of the large intestine?
- cecum
- ascending colon
- transverse colon
- descending colon
- sigmoid colon
- rectum
During digestion what is the function of the liver?
brings bile to the gallbladder
- brings bile to duodenum
Define perianal
pertaining to around the anus
Define appendectomy
removal of the appendix
Define appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix
Define buccal
pertaining to the cheek
Define cecal
pertaining to the cecum
Define cecostomy
to form a new opening in the cecum
Define celiac
pertaining to the stomach
Define cheilorrhaphy
suture of the lip
Define cheiloplasty
surgical repair of lip
Define cholecystectomy
removal of the gallbladder
Define choledocholithiasis
abnormal condition of gallstones in the common bile duct
Define cholelithiasis
abnormal condition of gallstones
Define choledochotomy
incision into the common bile duct
Define colostomy
to form a new opening into the colon
Define colitis
inflammation of the colon
Define colonoscopy
visual examination of the colon
Define duodenal
pertaining to the duodenum
Define enteritis
inflammation of the small intestine
Define esophageal
pertaining to the esophagus
Define facial
pertaining to the face
Define gastric
pertaining to the stomach
Define gastrostomy
to form a new opening in the stomach
Define esophagogastroduodenoscopy
visual examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum
Define glossorrhaphy
suture of the tongue
Define hepatoma
tumor of the liver
Define hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
Define ileal
pertaining to the ileum
Define ileostomy
to form a new opening into the ileum
Define jejunal
pertaining to the jejunum
Define gastrojejunostomy
to form a new opening into the stomach and jejunum
Define labial
pertaining to the lip
Define laparoscopy
visual examination of the abdomen
Define laparotomy
incision into the abdomen
Define sublingual
pertaining to under the tongue
Define submandibular
pertaining to under the lower jaw
Define orthodontist
dentist who specializes in straitening teeth
Define oral
pertaining to the mouth
Define palatoplasty
surgical repair of the palate
Define pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
Define pharyngeal
pertaining to the throat or pharynx
Define pharyngitis
inflammation of the throat or pharynx
Define peritoneal
pertaining to the peritoneum
Define peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
Define proctologist
a physician who specializes in the anus and the rectum
Define pyloroplasty
surgical repair of the pyloric sphincter
Define rectocele
hernia of the rectum
Define sigmoidoscopy
visual examination for the sigmoid
Define stomatitis
inflammation of the mouth
Define biliary
pertaining to bile
Define hyperbilirubinemia
excessive levels of pigment in the blood
Define hyperglycemia
excessive sugar in the blood
Define lipoma
tumor of fat
Define steatorrhea
fat in the feces
Define postprandial
after meal
Define hematochezia
passage of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum
Define a sign
objective finding
- something you can see
- rash, vomiting, fever
Define symptom
subject finding
- what the patient is experiencing or feel
- nausea, headache, dizziness, pain
Define chronic
What are some example?
- existing over long period of time
- little change/slow progression
- hypertension
- diabetes
- COPD
- multiple sclerosis
Define acute
What are some example?
- rapid onset, severe symptoms
- short course
- acute bronchitis
- acute pharyngitis
- strep throat
Unabbreviate COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Define anorexia
lack of appetite
Define ascites
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen
Define borborygmus
rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both
Define constipation
difficulty passing stool
Define dysphagia
difficulty swallowing
Define N/V
nausea/vomiting
Define emesis
vomiting
Define flatus
gas expelled through the anus
Define jaundice
a condition cause by high serum bilirubin
- icterus
Define melena
black, tarry stool
- feces containing digested blood
Define nausea
unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit
Define syrup of ipecac
produce vomiting
Define periodontal disease
inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, surrounding bone
Define esophageal cancer
malignant tumor of the esophagus
Define esophageal varices
swollen, varicose veins
- low end of esophagus
Define gastric cancer
malignant tumor of the stomach
Define gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
solids, fluids return to the mouth from the stomach
Define hernia
protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it
Define peptic/duodenum ulcer
open sore in the lining of the stomach/duodenum
Define anal fistula
abnormal tuble-like passagewat near the anus
Define colonic polyps
polyps (benign growths)
- protudes from mucous membrane of colon
Define colorectal cancer
adenocarcinoma of the colon/rectum/both
Define crohn’s disease
chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract
Define diverticulosis
abnormal out pouching in the intestinal wall
Define dysentery
painful, inflamed intestines
- caused by bacterial infection (blood poisoning)
Define hemorrhoids
swollen, twisted, varicose veins in rectal region
Define ileus
loss of peristalsis
- obstruction of the intestines
Define intussusception
telescoping of the intestines
Define irritable bowel syndrome
group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension
Define ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammation of the colon
- presence of ulcers
Define peristalsis
normal wave-like contractions of intestinal tract
Define volvulus
twisting of the intestine on itself
Define cirrhosis
chronic degenerative disease for the liver
Define pancreatic cancer
malignant tumor of the pancreas
Define pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas
Define viral hepatitis
inflammation of the liver
- by virus
Define hepatitis A
- benign didorder spread by contaminated food/water
- least threatening
- expected complete recover
Define hepatitis B
- transmitted by blood transfusion/sexual contrast/contaminated needles
- most common
Define hepatitis C
- transmitted by blood transfusion/share needles by drug users
- most common, most seen in prisons
