Chp. 3 Book Flashcards
Define abdominal/o
abdomen
Define acr/o
extremities/top/extreme point
Define acu/o
sharp/severe/sudden
Define Aden/o
gland
Define adip/o
fat
Define amni/o
amnion (sac surrounding the embryo in the uterus)
Define Angi/o
vessel
Define arteri/o
artery
Define arthr/o
joint
Define axill/o
armpit
Define bi/o
life
Define blephar/o
eyelid
Define bronch/o
bronchial tubes
Define carcin/o
cancer
Define chem/o
drug/chemical
Define chondr/o
cartilage
Define chronic/o
time
Define col/o
colon (large intestine)
Define cyst/o
urinary bladder
Define encephal/o
brain
Define erythr/o
red
Define hem/o
blood
Define hepat/o
liver
Define hydr/o
water
Define inguin/o
groin
Define isch/o
to hold back
Define lapar/o
abdomen/abdominal wall
Define cerebr/o
cerebrum (large part of brain)
Define crani/o
skull
Define psych/o
mind
Define laryng/o
larynx
Define lymph/o
lymph
Define mamm/o, mast/o
breast
Define morph/o
shape
Define muc/o, my/o
muscle
Define myel/o
spinal cord; bone marrow
Define necr/o
death
Define nephr/o
kidney
Define neur/o
nerve
Define neutr/o
neutrophil (white blood cell)
Define ophthalm/o
eye
Define opi/o
opium
Define ot/o
ear
Define path
disease
Define peritone/o
peritoneum
Define phag/o
to eat/swallow
Define phleb
vein
Define plas/o
formation/development
Define pleur/o
pleura (membrane surrounding lungs)
Define pneumon/o, pulmon/o
lungs
Define radi/o
x-ray
Define rect/o
rectum
Define ren/o
kidney
Define rhin/o
nose
Define sarc/o
flesh
Define splen/o
spleen
Define staphyl/o
clusters
Define strept/o
twisted chains
Define thromb/o
clot
Define tonsill/o
tonsils
Define ven/o
vein
Define coccyg/o
tailbone
Define phalang/o
phalange (finger/toe)
What is the singular form for:
nucleus
bronchus
thrombus
- nuclei
- bronchi
- thrombi
Define karyotype
study chromosomes
Define iron deficiency anemia
iron is needed to make hemoglobin
Define sickle cell anemia
abnormal sickle shape erythrocytes that clog blood vessels
Define aplastic anemia
erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes are not formed in bone marrow
What is the spleen composed of?
disposed?
- lymph tissue
- blood vessels
- white blood cells to fight disease
- dying red blood cells
How does slpenomegaly occur?
- infections (mononucleosis, liver disease, blood disease)
Define mononucleosis
virus infects lymph nodes
What organ an be removed and other organs can perform it’s fucntion?
spleen
Define ptosis of the upper eye (blepharoptosis)
- congenital (at birth), aging, stroke, cranial nerve damage
- drooping of the eyelid
What is stroke
cerebrovascular accident
What does a laparotomy usually remove?
-appendix
- gallbladder
Opioid is also known as?
What types are there?
Define it
- narcotics
- heroin
- fentanyl
- oxycodone (oxycotin)
- hydrocodone (Vicodin)
- codeine
- morphine
- brain receptors to alleviate pain
define narc/o
stupor/sleep
What medication treats opioid addiction?
What medication treats an overdose of opioids?
- buprenorphine
- narcan (naloxone)
Arteries carry rich-oxygenated blood from which direction?
heart to body
Arteries narrow to form ___ that branch into ___
- arterioles
- capillaries
Where does oxygen leave the blood and enter cells?
capillaries
Capillaries branch into ___ that then lead to ___
- venules
- veins
what is the function of venules?
carry poor-oxigenated blood to veins
What is the function of veins?
carry poor-oxygenated blood back to the heart
A tumor from breast cancer found in lymph nodes is called?
breast cancer metastasis
Which lymph node is cancer most likely to spread to?
sentinel axillary lymph node
Define hernia
protrusion of an organ or the muscular wall of an organ’s cavity it’s stationed in
define hiatal hernia
the stomach protudes upward into the mediastinum through the esophageal opening in the diaphragm
Define inguinal hernia
part of the intestine protrudes downward into the groin region
Define cystocele
part of the urinary bladder herniates through the vaginal wall
- weakens pelvic muscles
Define rectocele
protrusion of a portion of the rectum toward the vagina
Define omphalocele
herniation of the intestines through a weakness in the abdominal wall around the navel
- usually in infants at birth
define omphal/o
umbilicus
What are the symptoms of streptococcus’s two groups
1.
- strep throat
- tonsillitis
- rheumatic fever
- kidney aliments
2.
- infections in teeth, in sinuses, in valves of heart
What are the symptoms of staphylococci?
- internal or external lesions
Define abscess
- collection of pus, white blood cells, and protein at infection
What staphylococcal condition is difficult to treat with antibiotics?
methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
define diplococci
What types are there?
berry-shaped bacteria organized in pairs
- pneumococci
- gonococci
Define gon/o
seed
define pneumococci
- cause bacterial pneumonia
define gonococci
- invades the reproductive organs
- gonorrhea
What type of bacteria is rod shape?
Clostridium difficile bacteria (C. difficile infection)
What are the symptoms of Clostridium difficile bacteria?
What’s the most common way to obtain the disease? Why?
- inflammation of the colon, severe diarrhea disease
- taking antibiotics for a long period of time
- bacteria can become resistant
In order to restore normal bacteria in digestive tract, what type of transplant may be necessary?
fecal transplant
What type of coccal bacteria are gram-positive bacteria (maintain light purple stain)
- streptococci
- staphylococci
What type of coccal bacteria is gram-negative bacteria
diplococci
Where are erythrocytes produced?
bone marrow
What is an important protein in erythrocytes that carries oxygen through the bloodstream?
hemoglobin
Define globin
protein
What are the category types of leukocytes?
- granulocytes (polymorphonuclear cells)
- mononuclear cells
What are the sub-category types of leukocytes?
granulocyte (polymorphonuclear cells)
- eosinophils
- basophils
mononuclear cell
- lymphocytes
- monocytes
Define granulocytes
- dark-staining granules in cytoplasm
- multilobed nucleus
- in bone marrow
Define eosinophils
- granules stain red with acidic stain
- increase amount in allergic conditions (asthma)
Define basophils
- granules stain blue with basic stain
- increase during the healing phase of inflammation
Define neutrophils
- granules stain pale purple with neutral stain
- most important/numerous disease-fighting cells
- phangocytes
- multibodied nucleus
define eosin/o
rosy
define bas/o
basic
Define phag/o
eating/swallowing
Define poly
many
Define mononuclear cells
- one large nucleus
- few granules in cytoplasm
- produced in bone marrow, lymphnodes, and sleen
Define lymphocytes
- fight disease by producing antibodies
- may attach to foreign cell to destroy
- T cells and B cells
- with AIDS, depletion of T cells
Define monocytes
- engulf and destroy cellular debris after attacking foreign cells
- leave blood stream, enter tissues (macrophages: large phagocytes)
What type of cells are formed in bone marrow and necessary for blood clotting?
- thrombocytes (platelets)
What is one major visual difference between erythrocytes and leukocytes
erythrocytes lack a nucleus
define acromegaly
- endocrine disorder
- pituitary gland produces excessive amount of growth hormones after puberty
- hand, feet, and face effected
What is the result of overproduction of pituitary growth hormones in childhood?
gigantism
define laparoscopy for tubal ligation
interruption of the continuity of the fallopian tubes
Define vaginal speculum
keeps the vaginal cavity open
Define uterine cannula
tube placed into uterus to manipulate it
Define forceps
placed through laparoscope to grasp or move tissue
define tracheostomy
- an opening into the trachea
- insertion of tube to assist air flow
Define adenoids
small masses of lumphatic tissue in pharynx
Define -oid
resembling
what are tonsils
lymphatic tissue
