Chp. 10: Nervous System Flashcards
Define cerebellar
pertaining to the cerebellum
Define cerebral
pertaining to the cerebrum
Define subdural hematoma
pertaining to the mass of blood below the dura mater
Define epidural hematoma
pertaining to the collection of blood above the dura mater
Define encephalitis
inflammation of the brain
Define encephalopathy
disease for the brain
Define anencephaly
no brain
- no life
Define glioblastoma
malignant brain tumor of immature glial cells
Define meningeal
pertaining to the meninges
Define meningioma
benign tumor of the meninges
Define myelomeningocele
hernia of the spinal cord and meninges
Define myoneural
pertaining to the muscle and nerves
Define myelopathy
disease of the spinal cord
Define neuropathy
disease for the nerves
Define polyneuritis
inflammation of many nerves
Define radiculopathy
disease of the nerve root
Define radiculitis
inflammation of the nerve root
Define vagal
pertaining to the vagus nerves
Define analgesia
pertaining to no sensation to pain
Define hypalgesia
decreased sensitivity to pain
- effects cerebrum
Define neuralgia
nerve pain
Define cephalgia
head pain
Define causalgia
burning pain
Define comatose
pertaining to a deep sleep
Define anesthesia
without feeling to reduce sensation
Define hyperesthesia
intense sensation
Define paresthesia
abnormal sensation burning or prickling
Define bradykinesia
slow movement
Define hyperkinesis
excessive movement
Define dyskensia
painful movement
Define narcolepsy
sleep seizure
Define hemiparesis
weakness of half the body
Define aphasia
without speech
Define hemiplegia
paralysis to half the body
Define quadriplegia
all four extremities are paralyzed
Define apraxia
no movement
Define syncope
fainting
Define ataxia
no coordination
Define hydrocephalus
abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain
Define spina bifida
congenital defects in the lumbar spinal column
- by imperfect union of vertebral parts
Define alzheimer disease
What are it’s symptoms?
brain disorder
- gradual, progressive mental deterioration
- personality changes
- impairment of daily function
Define amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem
Define epilepsy
chronic brain disorder
- recurrent seizure activity
What type of seizures are associated with epilepsy
- tonic-clonic seizures (grand mal)
- aura-
- absence seizures
- petit mal seizures
Define huntington disease
hereditary disorder
- degenerative changes in the cerebrum
- abrupt involuntary movements
- mental deterioration
Define multiple sclerosis (MS)
destruction of the myeline sheath on neurons in the CNS
- replacement by plagues of sclerotic (hard) tissue
Unabbreviate CNS
central nervous system
Define bell palsy
7th cranial nerve inflammation of the facial nerve
Define Parkinson’s disease
What are it’s symptoms?
degeneration of neurons (basal ganglia)
- occur in later life
- tremors
- weakness of muscles
- slower movement
Define tourette syndrome
involuntary spasmodic, twitching movements
- uncontrollable vocal sounds, profantity
Define herpes zoster (shingles)
viral infection affecting peripheral nerves
Define human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) encephalopathy
- brain disease
- dementia occurring with AIDS
Define brain tumor
abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges
Define glioblastoma multiforme
fastest growing, most aggressive brain tumor
Define cerebral concussion
type of traumatic brain injury
- a blow to the head
Define cerebral contusion
bruising of brain tissue
- from direct trauma to the head
Define cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
disruption in the normal blood supple to the brain
- stroke
What are three types of stroke?
- thrombotic
- embolic
- hemorrhagic
How do you treat a thrombotic stroke?
(TPA) tissue plasminogen activator
Unabbreviate TIA
transient ischemic attacks
What are some lab tests and clinical procedures
- cerebrospinal fluid analysis
- cerebral angiography
- computed tomography of the brain
- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
- positron emission tomography (PET) scan
- electroencephalography
- lumbar puncture (LP)
Define cerebrospinal fluid analysis
samples of the CSF examined
- measure for protein, glucose, RBCs, WBCs
- detect tumor cells, bacteria, virus
Define Romberg’s Tests
measure a person’s sense of balance cerebellar function
Define Babinski’s Reflux
test
- sole of the foot is stimulated
- flexion of toes is observed
Define Burr holes
to relieve pressure in the brain
Unabbreviate ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Unabbreviate BBB
blood brain barrier
Unabbreviate CNS
central nervous system
Unabbreviate CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
Unabbreviate CVA
cerebrovascular accident
Unabbreviate DTR’s
deep tendon reflexes
Unabbreviate EEG
electroencephalogram
Unabbreviate ICP
intracranial pressure
Unabbreviate LP
lumbar puncture
Unabbreviate LOC
level of consciousness
Unabbreviate PET
positron emission tomography
Unabbreviate TIA
transient ischemic attack
Unabbreviate TPA
tissue plasminogen activator
Define cerebellum:
part of brain
- corrdination of balance
Define cerebrum
portion of the brain
- thinking, personality, sensation, memory
Define dura mater
outer most membrane
- enveloping the brain, spinal cord
Define aura seizures
onset of a seizure
- nausea, dizziness, visual disturbance
Define absence seizure
clouding of consciousness/loss of awareness of surroundings
Define petit mal seizure
children
- weakness
Define a thrombotic stroke
blood clot
- arises from arteries leading to the brain
Define embolic stroke
travels to cerebral arteries
- sudden stroke
Define hemorrhagic stroke
breakage of a cerebral artery
- bleeding
Define cerebral angiography
x-ray imaging of the arterial blood vessels in brain
- after injection of contrast material
Define computed tomography of the brain
computerized x-ray of brain, spinal cord
- multiple images
Define MRI
magnetic field, pulse radio wave energy
- images of brain, spinal cord
Define PET scan
radioactive glucose injected
- detected in brain/image metabolic activity of cells
Define EEG
recording of electrical activity to the brain
Define LP
lumbar punction
- cerebral spinal fluid withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae for analysis
