CH 15 (ANS)

Question 1

NT of somatic NS

Answer 1

AcH (acetylcholine) is NT

Question 2

NT of ANS

Answer 2

does not rely soley on ACh as a NT but has others as well

Question 3

How do somatic motor neurons and ANS motor neurons differ?

Answer 3

ANS neurons have a ganglion

Question 4

Two main type of ANS neurons

Answer 4

Cholinergic or adrenergic

Question 5

1. Cholinergic Neurons and Receptors

Answer 5

• The NT is Acetylcholine (Ach)
• Occur quickly but do not last long
• Receptors:
• Both respond to ACh
  i) Nicotinic (+)
• Excitatory

ii) Muscarinic (+/-)
- Excitatory OR inhibitory

• Acetylcholinesterase (Achase)
• Enzyme that inactivates the cholinergic system

Question 6

Two types of cholergenic receptors?

Answer 6

Nicotinic (Excitatory)

Muscarinic (Excitatory or inhibitory)

Question 7

2. Adrenergic Neurons and Receptors

Answer 7

• NT is the primary Norepinephrine
• ∞ (Alpha) receptors
• Can bind to NE
• β (Beta) receptors
• Can bind to NE

Alpha and Beta characterized by functions they create.

• COMT (catechol-O- methyltransferase) or MAO (monoamine oxidase)
• Two enzymes that inactivate adrenergic system , slower and therefore this type of response lasts longer

Question 8

Receptor Agonist

Answer 8

• Any chemical that binds to receptor and activates tht receptor (helps NT)
• Lots of cold medications

Question 9

Receptor antagonist

Answer 9

• Something that binds to receptors and blocks it (NT has no place to bind)

Question 10

Symp NS functions

Answer 10

Symp

1. Eyes dilate
2. HR and BP increase
3. Airways Dilate
4. Blood vessels to kidney and gut constrict (neg response)
5. Blood vessels to heart, muscles and lungs dilate
6. Increase in glycogenolyses (Breakedown of glycogen to produce glucose
7. More Glucose released by the liver (avalible for fuel)
8. Blood flow to all unnecessary regions reduced (Blood going to heart lungs muscles)

Question 11

Parasymp functions

Answer 11

S- Decrease in Salivation
Lacrimation (tearing) goes up
Urination
Digestion continues to work
Defecation (Elimination of unusable)
Drop in HR and BP
Decrease in Bronchi diameter (Reduced airflow.
Normal constriction of pupils
Increase in Blood flow to areas necessary for homeostasis

Question 12

Higher control centers of ANS

Answer 12

Mainly hypothalamus but also brainstem

Main control mechanism for autonomic reflexes

Question 13

Biofeedback

Answer 13

strategies used such as yoga involving listening to ANS to see how individual can manipulate it closer to Ideal

Others include:
meditation, prayer, music, trying to calm system down