Ch. 12 The Eukaryotes: Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, and Helminths

Question 1

Fungi consists of

Answer 1

yeasts, molds, mushrooms, and toadstools

Question 2

fungi characteristics

Answer 2

• aerobic or facultative anaerobic
• chemoheterotrophs
• major decomposers in environment
• more tolerant of acidic and low moisture environments

Question 3

mycosis

Answer 3

fungal disease

Question 4

how are mycoses classified

Answer 4

how much of the body it covers or where it is located

Question 5

systemic mycoses

Answer 5

deep in tissues; usually caused by inhaled mold spores

Question 6

subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 6

under the skin

Question 7

cutaneous mycoses

Answer 7

infection of hair, skin, nails

Question 8

dermatophytes

Answer 8

organisms that cause cutaneous mycoses, such as athlete’s foot. they live on keratin.

Question 9

superficial

Answer 9

on only the top dead layers of skin or in the hair shafts

Question 10

opportunistic pathogens & examples

Answer 10

organisms that only cause disease in compromised individual

• Pneumocystis
• Candida

Question 11

Pneumocystis

Answer 11

lives in the human throat

if immunocompromised, overgrows and causes a form of pneumonia

Question 12

Candid

Answer 12

opportunistic yeast infection

thrush (oral), vaginal yeast infection

Question 13

what do fungi do that cause disease?

Answer 13

produce toxins

Question 14

economic effects of fungi

Answer 14

1) food production
2) drugs
3) pest control
4) food spoilage
5) plant diseases

Question 15

food production fungi example

Answer 15

Saccharomyces (bread yeast)

Question 16

drug fungi example

Answer 16

Penicillum (penicillin)

Taxomyces (taxol)

Question 17

Algae characteristics

Answer 17

• may be unicellular or multicellular
• photoautotrophs
• most are not pathogenic! however, pathogenic organisms are so because they produce toxins.

Question 18

dinoflagellates

Answer 18

symbionts in marine animals

produce toxins that do not affect the animal they are in

Question 19

example of dinoflagellate disease

Answer 19

paralytic shellfish poisoning (produced by the algae symbiotic with shellfish)

Question 20

protozoa characteristics

Answer 20

• unicellular eukaryotes
• mostly aerobic chemoheterotrophs
• usually live in water

Question 21

protozoa disease examples

Answer 21

• Giardia intestinalis (N/V, diarrhea)
• Trichomonas vaginalis (STI - trich)
• Plasmodium spp (malaria)

Question 22

Plasmodium spp.

Answer 22

• 4 species causing malaria
• part of their life cycle is inside human RBCs
• transmitted by mosquitos (vector)

Question 23

Helminths

Answer 23

pathogenic worms; some are parasites of humans

Question 24

intermediate host

Answer 24

harbors larval/sexually immature stage of helminths; e.g. humans

Question 25

definitive host

Answer 25

hosts sexually mature stage where helminths are making eggs (reason why you cook meat well before eating it)

Question 26

arthropods are...

Answer 26

vectors for disease; crustacea, arachnids, insecta

Question 27

examples of arthropod vectors

Answer 27

- mosquito, tick (biologically) - house fly (mechanically) - human louse, rat flea, deer fly, kissing bug.