Cerebral Palsy - Presentation Flashcards
What is Cerebral Palsy?
Neurological disorder that affect movement & posture & is caused by non-progressive brain damage
What does Cerebral Palsy Impair?
Impairs movement mostly but also speech, sensory, & cognition abilities
How is muscle tone impacted by cerebral palsy?
Muscle tone (stiff or loose), loss of muscle control, & muscle spasms are caused by abnormalities in the brain either before, during, or up to 2 years after birth
What are the 3 main types of cerebral palsy?
- include % of people with the type
- Spastic - 70-80%
- Dyskinetic - 6%
- Ataxic - 6%
What is Spastic Cerebral Palsy?
Most common type that involves muscle tightness & spasms and characterized by stiff muscles & tight joints
- occurs from motor cortex damage
What is Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy?
Involuntary, uncontrolled movements (writhes) & occurs due to damage to the basal ganglia
What is Ataxic Cerebral Palsy?
Poor coordination & balance leading to shaky movements & fine motor skill troubles
- occurs from Cerebellar damage
What are 3 times of Cerebral Palsy Diagnosis/Development?
Prenatal - development during pregnancy
Perinatal - developed around time of birth
Postnatal - developed after birth (~2yrs)
How is Cerebral Palsy Developed Prenatally?
- 3 key categories
1.) Genetics - conditions mostly from mother (eg; diabetes or preeclampsia) - not genetically inherited but can be mutated
2.) Abnormalities - mutations & malformations that effect the brain (lack of fetal O2)
3.) Environment - effects from toxins
How is Cerebral Palsy Developed Perinatally?
- 3 key categories
1.) Birth Asphyxia - not enough O2 to brain
2.) Birth Characteristics - born premature (leading cause) & low weight @ birth
3.) Injuries -
What is Birth Asphyxia?
Lack of oxygen flowing to babies brain when born
- typical sign of this i delayed crying at birth
What are some Perinatal injuries that may occur & lead to cerebral palsy?
Hemorrhages (excessive bleeding from ruptures in brain), strokes, & seizures leading to ischemic brain injuries
How is Cerebral Palsy Developed Postnatally?
- 3 key categories
1.) Brain Injury - head trauma, intracranial hemorrhages, & strokes
2.) Infections - meningitis, jaundice, chickenpox
3.) Hypoxic Incidents - any event with lack of O2 to brain (eg; drowning or cardiac arrest)
What is Meningitis?
Inflammation of protective membranes (meninges) around brain & spinal cord
How many people are born with Cerebral palsy?
Cerebal palsy occurs in about every 2-2.5 of 1000 live births
What are mortality & Morbidity rates dependent on?
Life expectancy of those with cerebral palsy is dependent on severity of condition
What is the life expectancy of individuals with mild cerebral palsy?
Similar to those without CP
- 80% have life expectancy of 58yrs+
What is the life expectancy of individuals with severe cerebral palsy?
Shorter life expectancy
- 40% chance of living to 20 years old
*mortality rates decreased since 1990
What are some physical barriers faced by those with Cerebral palsy?
- mobility challenges (due to muscles)
- muscle spasticity & fatigue (can cause balance problems)
- fine motor limitations (eg; stiff fingers make grasping hard)
What are some Environmental barriers faced by those with Cerebral palsy?
- inaccessible facilities
- lack of adaptive equipment
What are some Social barriers faced by those with Cerebral palsy?
- exclusion from programs
- stigma & social attitudes
What are some Physical Limitations/Features of someone with Cerebral palsy?
1.) Muscle tone abnormalities - stiff muscles, low muscle tone
2.) Coordination difficulties
3.) Mobility limitations
4.) Speech & Swallowing difficulties (due to esophageal muscles being too tight)
5.) Fatigue & Pain - caused by muscle stiffness & effort required for movement
What are 3 Cognitive Limitations/Features of someone with Cerebral palsy?
1.) Learning Disabilities - memory, problem solving, & processing speed
2.) Speech & Language Delays - could be from cognitive processing challenges or motor impairments affecting speech muscles
3.) Intellectuals Disabilities - mild to severe, affecting learning & ADL’s
What are 3 Emotional Limitations/Features of someone with Cerebral palsy?
1.) Frustration & Anxiety
2.) Low self-esteem - from social stigma, dependence, & mobility challenges
3.) Depression - feeling isolated from others
What are 4 Social Limitations/Features of someone with Cerebral palsy?
1.) Social Stigmas & Exclusion - discrimination from classmates/people that don’t understand their abilities
2.) Limited Participation in Sports - physical limitations make participation challenging
3.) Communication Barrier - challenging to hold conversations & build relationships
4.) Peer Relationships - struggle to maintain due to mobility & communication challenges
What is the main goal of Cerebral Palsy Management Strategies?
Improve overall quality of life & maximize both physical & cognitive functioning
How does Physical & Occupational Therapy help as a management strategy for Cerebral Palsy?
- helps improve mobility, strength, & coordination
- will help develop new skills for everyday tasks
How does Speech & Language Therapy help as a management strategy for Cerebral Palsy?
- help improve communication
- medications can assist with pain management
How does Surgery & Assistive Devices act as a management strategy for Cerebral Palsy?
- help improve overall function & mobility
- devices will help aid movement
How does Psychological Support & Behavioural Therapy help as a management strategy for Cerebral Palsy?
Assists with emotional, social, & behavioural aspects that come with CP
How does Educational Support act as a management strategy?
Ensures optimal learning & development of social skills
How does Nutritional Support act as a management strategy?
Will help ensure child receives proper nutrients to maximize growth & development
How do Early Intervention Programs act as a management strategy?
Help provide support early on into the child’s life to ensure their development is maximized
What is the Goal of the Physical & Occupational Therapy Intervention?
Goal is to provide strengthening exercises, techniques to improve posture & balance, and also exercises to improve motor skills & coordination
What is the Goal of the Speech & Language Therapy Intervention?
Goal is to work on improving articulation & language development using specialized techniques or tools for feeding difficulties
What is the Goal of using Medications as an Intervention?
Muscle relaxant & pain relief meds
What is the Goal of using Surgery as an Intervention?
Orthopaedic surgery
- tendon lengthening/transfering, etc
What is the Goal of using Assistive Devices as an Intervention?
Using walkers, wheelchairs, or any other aid that assists individuals with moving more safely & independently
What is the Goal of using Behavioural Therapy & Psychological Support as an Intervention?
Counselling/therapy can help individuals with CP to cope with negative emotions
What is the Goal of using Nutritional Support as an Intervention?
Helping the child manage healthy weight & dealing with any difficulties that come with feeding or swallowing
What is the Goal of Family Support as an Intervention?
Families may benefit from counselling to learn how to cope with the challenges of having a child with CP
What is the Goal of using Early Intervention Programs as an Intervention?
Ensure that children & toddlers with CP are properly developing physically, cognitively, socially, & emotionally
How could you adapt Space using the STEP framework for someone with cerebral palsy?
- increase or decrease space used
- smooth surfaces
- create physically safe environment
How could you adapt the Task using the STEP framework for someone with cerebral palsy?
- simplify & adjust task rules
- use different movement patterns
- adjust goals & task
- use repetition
How could you adapt Equipment using the STEP framework for someone with cerebral palsy?
- use specialized adaptive sports equipment
- use assistive devices
- use technology aids (eg; touch screens)
How could you adapt People using the STEP framework for someone with cerebral palsy?
- adapt interactions & support around the person
- use group involvement
- modify communication methods
How has Botox been used in individuals with CP?
Botox can be used to relax/disrupt muscles & allow more mobility
