Blind-Low Vision - Presentation Flashcards
What is Blindness & Low Vision?
- The Inability to see or a lack of vision
- In most severe cases, an inability to see light
- Cannot be corrected with glasses, contacts, eye drops, or medical therapy/surgery
What are 4 main types of blindness?
1.) Partial - still have some vision ~ “low vision”
2.) Congenital - poor vision that you’re born with
3.) Complete - cannot see or detect light
4.) Nutritional - vision loss from vitamin A deficiency
What are 4 causes of blindness in youth?
1.) Genetic - leber congenital amaurosis
2.) Prenatal - TORCH
3.) Perinatal - retinopathy of prematurity
4.) Postnatal - cataracts, glaucoma, trauma, etc
How many people worldwide have near or far vision impairment?
2.2 billion
What are some Physical Features of someone with vision impairments?
- frequent wiggling & drifting eyes
- lack of eye movement or eye contact
- cross eyed
- cloudy or opaque corneas
- enlarged or small eyes
What are some Cognitive Features of someone with vision impairments?
1.) Difficulty with object recognition - hard to recognize faces & details which impacts cognition
2.) Altered Spatial Awareness - rely on touch, sound, & movement to understand surroundings
3.) Enhanced Auditory Memory - strong auditory recall & ability to navigate environments using sound cues
What are some Emotional Features of someone with vision impairments?
1.) Resilience & Adaptability - strong coping skills
2.) Social Confidence/Anxiety
3.) Emotional Regulation - may become frustrated with difficulties in visual-based concepts
What are some Social Features of someone with vision impairments?
1.) Varied interaction styles - some have strong verbal communication & others may struggle
2.) Reliance on Structures Social Support
3.) Social Isolation/Exclusion - due to accessibility barriers in social settings
What are some Intrapersonal Barriers that someone with vision impairments may face?
- reduced self confidence
- emotional & mental health challenges
- anxiety around social settings
What are some Interpersonal Barriers that someone with vision impairments may face?
- lack of understanding from peers
- difficulty forming & maintaining relationships
- social exclusion & bullying/teasing
What are some Structural Barriers that someone with vision impairments may face?
- access to educational materials
- inability to participate in organized sport & PA
- independence & mobility restrictions
- financial barriers
What are some Sociocultural Barriers that someone with vision impairments may face?
- lack of representation
- stigma & discrimination
- limited education on how to approach a blind individual
How can we manage instructions to accommodate a blind/low vision individual?
- read written instructions or pertinent information out loud
- assistive technology (voice files, audio cassettes)
- ensure proper understanding during instruction
- use large print or braille for class handouts
How can we manage the environment to accommodate a blind/low vision individual?
- keep/store items in predictable locations (eg; desks, chairs, tables, equipment)
- provide a warning if class layout will be changed
- provide easily accessible braille equipment
How can we adapt tests and assessments to accommodate a blind/low vision individual?
- allow use of assistive technology
- provide braille & extra time for completion
- provide a quiet space & oral testing rather than written testing
How can we promote social inclusion of a child with blind low vision?
- encourage work & group activities (social integration)
- educate students & adapt activities
- promote engagement in school clubs/groups
Using the STEP Framework, how can you adjust the Space for someone with blind/low vision?
- clear space & keep obstacles away
- high contrast markers (thick coloured tape)
Using the STEP Framework, how can you adjust the Task for someone with blind/low vision?
- verbal & physical cues instead of visual cues
- familiarize the task & environment before beginning game or drill
Using the STEP Framework, how can you adjust the Equipment for someone with blind/low vision?
- pair with slighted partner (limited support to build self-confidence)
- ensure instructors are trained to work with blind/low vision individuals
Using the STEP Framework, how can you adjust the People for someone with blind/low vision?
- pair with sighted partner
- ensure instructors are trained to work with blind/low vision
