Arthritis - Presentation Flashcards
What is Arthritis?
- joint pain caused by swelling, stiffness, inflammation, & discomfort
- over 1000 types
Who is affected by arthritis?
Anyone can have it, but most common as you age, specifically 50+
- worse’s as age progresses
What are the 3 most common types of arthritis?
1.) Rheumatoid Arthritis
2.) Osteosrthritis
3.) Gout
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Autoimmune disease affecting joints through inflammation which can further impact internal organs like lungs, heart, & eyes
What are the 3 most common joints affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
Feet, hands, & wrists
What is Osteoarthritis & what body parts are mostly affected?
Most common arthritis caused by abnormal joint loading
- eg; obesity or injuries
- common in hands, feet, hips, knees, & spine
What is Gout?
Buildup of uric acid causing sharp crystals to form and travel to joints
- pain typically occurs in the big toe with redness & swelling of the joints
What is uric acid in gout?
A waste byproduct meant to be excreted by the kidneys
What are the 5 key causes of Arthritis?
1.) Wear & Tear
2.) Genetics
3.) Age
4.) Obesity
5.) Injury
How does Wear & Tear cause Arthritis?
Cartilage surrounding bones & joints begin breaking down due to constant use, leading to bon eon bone friction to occur
How does Genetics cause/contribute to Arthritis?
Genetics influence risk of severity & development of arthritis
What are 2 types of arthritis caused by genetics?
Osteoarthritis & Rheumatoid arthritis
How is Age a factor that causes arthritis?
- increase in age = decrease in body ability to repair tissue & maintain bone density
- eg; synovial fluid that nourishes & protects joint cartilage decreases
How is Obesity a factor that causes arthritis?
Obesity places increased load and stress on their knee & hip joints which increases inflammation throughout joints
How is Injury a factor that leads to arthritis?
Arthritis can develop in joints that have sustained injuries like; fractures, dislocations, & ligament w&t
- injury leads to arthritis eventually due to altered joint mechanisms & inflammation (different immune responses & cartilage breakdown)
-
When discussing injury as a factor of arthritis, how do altered joint mechanisms increase this risk of arthritis?
Altered joint mechanisms lead to changes in joint movement’s & joint loading due to pain from injury, which in turn puts great stress on the cartilage
What are 3 Non-Modifiable risk factors for arthritis?
Age, sex, & genetics
What are 7 Modifiable risk factors for arthritis?
1.) Overweight/obesity
2.) Physical activity levels
3.) joint injuries
4.) smoking
5.) infection
6.) occupation
7.) diet
How many Canadians have arthritis?
- 1 in 5 people have arthritis
- 6 million Canadians with arthritis & by 2045 it’s projected to be 9 million
What are some physical features of someone with arthritis?
- joint pain, tenderness, & stiffness
- inflammation in/around joints (warm & red skin)
- restricted joint movements
- weakness & muscle wasting
- fatigue
*physical symptoms differ based on arthritis type
What are some Cognitive features of someone with arthritis?
- memory loss
- trouble concentrating
- executive dysfunction
- verbal communication
- brain fog
What are some Emotional features of someone with arthritis?
- depression
- anxiety/fear
- anger
- frustration
- helplessness
- guilt
What are some social features of someone with arthritis?
- isolation
- loss of work (reliance on disability pension)
- poorer QoL due to dependence on others for ADL’s
What are some Physical limitations/barriers of someone with arthritis?
limited mobility due to joint pain which decreases QoL
What are some Cardiovascular Disease limitations/barriers of someone with arthritis?
Inflammation from arthritis causes damage to blood vessel walls which causes plaque buildup
- increases risk stroke & heart attack
- arthritis meds also increase risk of CVD
What are some Psychological limitations/barriers of someone with arthritis?
depression often developed due to constant pain
What is Acute Pain caused by arthritis?
- short term pain
- protects & prevents more damage through causing you to change behaviour
What is Chronic Pain caused by arthritis?
Persistent long-term pain which may be affected by the following;
- injury, disease,& or surgery
- tense muscles & fatigue
- psychological stress, depression, & negative emotions
What are some management strategies for arthritis?
- Pain management programs & clinics
- support groups
- pain treatments & medications
- healthy diet
- heat/cold therapy
Using the STEP Framework, how would you adjust the Space for someone with arthritis?
- flat, even surface to reduce joint stress & fall risk
- use mats and padding to add cushioning
- provide seated options & rest areas
- warm environment to lower stiffness
Using the STEP Framework, how would you adjust the Task for someone with arthritis?
- reduce high impact environments
- gentle ROM exercises to maintain flexibility
- decrease duration & intensity of activities
Using the STEP Framework, how would you adjust the Equipment for someone with arthritis?
- use walking aids for additional support
- shock-absorbing shoes or insoles
- use lighter balls, resistance bands, etc
- do activities in water
Using the STEP Framework, how would you adjust the People for someone with arthritis?
- encourage group/social activities
- inform instructors on modifications
- allow participants to participate at their own pace
- suggest nutritionist/dietician
