Cellular Reproduction Flashcards
primary follicle
-consists of a primary oocyte arrested in P1 and is surrounds by follicular cells
animal vs plant cell
plant
- has no asters of centrioles
- cytokinesis occurs when a cell plate forms
animal
- has asters and centrioles
- cytokinesis occurs by a process called cleavage furrowing or pinching in process
sister chromatids
- genetically identical to each other as they have the same order of genes
- held by a centromere
- order of all genes in each sister chromatid is exactly the same
anaphase of mitosis
- each centromere of every chromosome splits vertically
- spindle fibres pull one of the sister chromatids of each chromosome to opposite poles
- as sister chromatids move toward the poles we call it individual chromosomes
anaphase 1
- disjunction: separation of homologue pair
- centromeres don’t split
anaphase II
- disjunction: separation of sister chromatids of each chromosomes
- centromere splits
secondary oocyte
- begins the second meiosis division
- released during ovulation
- arrested in metaphase II
2n and n
2n = diploid n = haploid
mitosis phases
- prophase
- cytokinesis
- telophase
- metaphase
primary purpose for mitosis and meiosis
meiosis
-a diploid parent cell undergoes 2 divine to form 4 haploid sex cells/gametes
mitosis
-division of a parent cell into two daughter cells with the same amount of chromosomes and identical DNA within the chromosomes
homogenous chromosomes
- have the same:
- centromere position
- shape and length
- colour banding pattern
- order of traits
cell cycle stages
- G1 growing rapidly
- S replication of chromosomes/ histone proteins are made
- G2 remaining enzymes and other proteins are produced
metaphase
- lines at equator
- spindle fibres at both sides of centromere
synapsis
-fusion of of homologue pairs
chromosome # change
meiosis
-2n=2, n=1 (2 sister chromatids joined at centromere), n=1 (individual chromosome)
mitosis
-2n=4, 2n=4
