Cell Structure/Functions Flashcards
0
Q
Cytosol
A
P&E
- jelly-like material between the cell membrane and nuclear membrane
- contains materials needed for cell functions
1
Q
Cell membrane
A
P&E
- includes entire cell
- decides what goes into and out of the cell
2
Q
Golgi Apparatus
A
E
- stacks of flattened membrane sacks
- process, package and store cell products
- works closely with endoplasmic reticulum
3
Q
vacuoles
A
E&P
- membrane “bubbles” that store good, water, and wastes
- large in plant cells
4
Q
Lysosomes
A
E
- small vacuole-like structures
- contain powerful digestive enzymes
- break down food particles or worn-out cell parts
- rare in plants
5
Q
cell wall
A
E&P
- NEVER found in animal cells
- thick rigid wall that lies outside to the cell membrane
- provides support for the cell and entire organism in plants
- made of cellulose in plants
- in fungi it’s made of chitin
6
Q
chloroplasts
A
E
- found in plants and algae
- surrounded by two membranes
- contains chlorophyll (makes plants green)
- contains DNA and can replicate themselves
7
Q
centrioles
A
E
- found only in animal cells
- cylindrical structures made of microtubules
- function only in cell division
8
Q
Endoplasmic reticulum
A
E
- system of tunnels throughout the cell
- serves as a transport network
- some sections are covered in ribosomes, giving it a rough appearance
- this is rough endoplasmic reticulum
- smooth endoplasmic reticulum has no ribosomes on its surface
9
Q
mitochondria
A
E
- surrounded by two membranes with the inner one highly folded
- produces energy for the cell and the entire organism
- has it’s own DNA and can replicate themselves
- used to be an independent bacteria
- we’re engulfed by larger cells and the organisms formed a cooperative relationship
10
Q
nucleus 1
A
E
- usually the largest organelle if present
- usually round and central
- surrounded by nuclear membrane which controls what goes into and out of the nucleus
11
Q
nucleus 2
A
E
- contains the cell’s DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which is the genetic material of life
- DNA exists as a thread like mass called chromatin which becomes chromosomes during cell division
- DNA has all the instructions for making a cell work
- if you remove the nucleus from a cell it the cell will die
12
Q
nucleus 3
A
E
- inside the nucleus will he one or more nucleoli (plural of nucleolus)
- nucleoli produce ribosomes which assemble proteins
- ribosomes are also found in P
