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NCERT Kro, NEET Podho > Cell Cycle NCERT > Flashcards

Cell Cycle NCERT Flashcards

1
Q

The two major characteristics of living cells are

A

Growth and reproduction

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2
Q

The three important events of a cell cycle are

A

Cell division, DNA replication, and cell growth

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3
Q

The sequence of events by which a cell duplicates a genome, synthesises the other constituents of cell and eventually divides into two daughter cells is termed as

A

Cell cycle

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4
Q

A cell cycle of a typical eukaryotic cell which is illustrated by human cells in culture is completed in

A

24 hours

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5
Q

A yeast cell can complete one cell cycle in about

A

90 minutes

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6
Q

A cell cycle is divided into two basic phases, namely

A

Interphase and M Phase (Mitosis phase)

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7
Q

The phase of cell cycle when actual cell division occurs is ?

A

M Phase (Mitosis phase)

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8
Q

The phase between two successive M phases is represented by

A

Interphase

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9
Q

The % duration of interphase during the cell cycle is

A

more than 95%

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10
Q

The % duration of M phase during the cell cycle is

A

less than 5%

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11
Q

M phase starts with the process of

A

Nuclear division

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12
Q

M phase ends with the process of

A

Cytokinesis

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13
Q

The process of separation of daughter chromosomes is called

A

Karyokinesis

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14
Q

The process of division of cytoplasm is termed as

A

Cytokinesis

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15
Q

Interphase is also known as

A

resting phase

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16
Q

prepares itself for division by undergoing both processes, namely _____________ and ____________.

A

Cell growth and DNA replication

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17
Q

The phase during which cell prepares for division is

A

interphase

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18
Q

Interphase is divided into three phases, namely

A

G1 phase, S phase and G2 phase

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19
Q

The phase which acts as an interval between mitosis and initiation of DNA replication is

A

G1 phase (Gap 1)

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20
Q

The phase in which cell is metabolically active and continuously grows but does not replicate its DNA is

A

G1 phase

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21
Q

The phase of cell cycle during which DNA replication takes place is

A

Synthesis phase

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22
Q

During S phase, the amount of DNA per cell

A

Doubles

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23
Q

If the chromosome number is 2n, then by the end of S phase, it will be

A

2n

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24
Q

If the initial amount of DNA is 2C, then by the end of S phase, it will be

A

4C

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25
In animal cells, during S phase, DNA replication begins in __________
nucleus
25
In animal cells, during S phase, DNA replication begins in __________
nucleus
26
Duplication of centriole during S phase occurs in ____________
Cytoplasm
27
Proteins for preparation of M phase are synthesised during ____________
G2 phase
28
The cells of adult animals which do not undergo division are
heart cells
29
The cells which do not divide further exit G1 phase to enter into an inactive stage called
Quiescent stage (G0)
30
The phase of cell cycle in which cells remain metabolically active but do not proliferate unless called upon is
Quiescent stage (G0)
31
The metabolic state of cells during G0 phase is
Active
32
In animals, mitotic cell division is only seen in
diploid somatic cells
33
In which organisms do haploid cells divide by mitosis?
male honey bees
34
Reorganisation of virtually all components of the cell occurs during which phase?
M phase
35
The phase of cell cycle, which is called as equational division, is
M phase
36
The four stages of karyokinesis are namely
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase
37
The first stage of karyokinesis occuring after G2 phase is
Prophase
38
The stage of mitosis marked by the initiation of condensation of chromosomal material is
Prophase
39
During prophase, the structure which begins to move towards opposite poles of the cell is
Centrosome
40
Centrosome duplicates during _______________ of interphase
S phase
41
During prophase, chromosomal material condenses to form compact mitotic ____.
Chromosomes
42
Chromosomes are composed of two chromatids attached together at
Centromere
43
Asters radiating out of centrosome are structurally
microtubules
44
Each centrosome radiates out microtubules called
asters
45
Mitotic apparatus is formed by spindle fibres and
2 asters
46
The component which along with asters form mitotic apparatus is
spindle fibres
47
The complete disintegration of nuclear envelope marks the start of which phase of mitosis?
Metaphase
48
_____________ of chromosomes is completed by the beginning of metaphase
Condensation
49
Metaphase is the stage to study ______________ completely
Morphology of chromosomes
50
Chromosomes are clearly visible under a microscope by which stage of mitosis?
Metaphase
51
Metaphase chromosome is composed of
Two sister chromatids
52
Two sister chromatids are held together by
Centromere
53
Small disc-shaped structures at the surface of centromeres are called
Kinetochores
54
The structures that serve as the site for attachment of spindle fibres are
Kinetochores
55
During metaphase, chromosomes are seen to lie at
Equator
56
Chromatids are connected via kinetochores to their respective _________________
Spindle fibres
57
The plane of alignment of chromosomes at metaphase is referred as
Metaphase plate
58
Spindle fibres getting attached to kinetochores of chromosomes is the characteristic feature of which phase?
Metaphase
59
The phase of mitosis characterized by splitting of daughter chromatids in order to migrate towards two opposite poles is
Anaphase
60
In anaphase, what migrates towards two opposite poles from equatorial plate?
Daughter chromatids
61
During which phase centromeres split and chromatids separate?
Anaphase
62
The final stage of karyokinesis is
Telophase
62
The chromosomes that have reached their respective poles decondense during which phase of mitosis?
Telophase
62
Identity of chromosomes is lost as a discrete elements during which mitotic phase?
Telophase
63
________, __________ and ______ are reformed during telophase.
Nucleolus, golgi complex and ER
64
During telophase, _____________ develops around chromosome clusters at each pole forming two daughter nuclei
Nuclear envelope
65
After karyokinesis, cell division gets completed by the process of
Cytokinesis
66
Cytokinesis is achieved by the appearance of a furrow in the plasma membrane of ___________ cells
Animal
67
Wall formation starts in the centre of the cell and grows outward to meet the existing lateral walls in _________ cells
Plant
68
The precursor for formation of new cell wall in plant cells is
Cell-plate
69
The middle lamella between the walls of adjacent plant cells is represented by
Cell-plate
70
The cell organelles which get distributed between two daughter cells during cytokinesis are
Mitochondria and Plastids
71
Karyokinesis, when not followed by cytokinesis leads to the formation of
Syncytium
72
Liquid endosperm in coconut is an example of
Syncytium
73
The type of cell division which generally results in the production of diploid cells is
Mitosis
74
Mitosis usually results in production of ____________with identical genetic complement
Diploid daughter cells
75
The growth of multicellular organisms is due to
Mitosis
76
Cell division is necessary to restore the _____________ ratio.
Nuclear-cytoplasmic
77
Cells are repaired by which cell division?
Mitosis
78
Continuous growth of plants is due to division of meristematic tissues by the process of ____________
Mitosis
79
The cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half in production of haploid daughter cells is
Meiosis
80
The type of cell division which ensures the production of haploid phase in life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms is
Meiosis
81
The formation of haploid gametes in both plants and animals occur by
Meiosis
82
Meiosis involves ______ cycles of nuclear and cell division
Two sequential
83
Meiosis involves pairing of which chromosomes?
Homologous chromosomes
84
The type of cell cycle which involves recombination between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes is
Meiosis
85
At the end of meiosis II, ____________ cells are formed.
Four haploid
86
The five sub-phases of prophase I are
Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene and Diakinesis
87
The stage of meiosis during which compaction of chromosomes occur is
Leptotene
88
The process of pairing of chromosomes is called
Synapsis
89
Synapsis occurs during which phase of meiosis I?
Zygotene
90
The paired chromosomes are called
Homologous chromosomes
91
Chromosome synapsis is accompanied by the formation of complex structure called
Synaptonemal complex
92
The complex formed by a pair of synapsed homologous chromosomes is called
Bivalent or tetrad
93
The two shortlived stages of prophase I are _______________ and ________________.
Leptotene and zygotene

NCERT Kro, NEET Podho (38 decks)

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