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NCERT Kro, NEET Podho > Cell Cycle NCERT > Flashcards

Cell Cycle NCERT Flashcards

1
Q

The two major characteristics of living cells are

A

Growth and reproduction

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2
Q

The three important events of a cell cycle are

A

Cell division, DNA replication, and cell growth

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3
Q

The sequence of events by which a cell duplicates a genome, synthesises the other constituents of cell and eventually divides into two daughter cells is termed as

A

Cell cycle

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4
Q

A cell cycle of a typical eukaryotic cell which is illustrated by human cells in culture is completed in

A

24 hours

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5
Q

A yeast cell can complete one cell cycle in about

A

90 minutes

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6
Q

A cell cycle is divided into two basic phases, namely

A

Interphase and M Phase (Mitosis phase)

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7
Q

The phase of cell cycle when actual cell division occurs is ?

A

M Phase (Mitosis phase)

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8
Q

The phase between two successive M phases is represented by

A

Interphase

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9
Q

The % duration of interphase during the cell cycle is

A

more than 95%

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10
Q

The % duration of M phase during the cell cycle is

A

less than 5%

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11
Q

M phase starts with the process of

A

Nuclear division

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12
Q

M phase ends with the process of

A

Cytokinesis

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13
Q

The process of separation of daughter chromosomes is called

A

Karyokinesis

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14
Q

The process of division of cytoplasm is termed as

A

Cytokinesis

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15
Q

Interphase is also known as

A

resting phase

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16
Q

prepares itself for division by undergoing both processes, namely _____________ and ____________.

A

Cell growth and DNA replication

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17
Q

The phase during which cell prepares for division is

A

interphase

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18
Q

Interphase is divided into three phases, namely

A

G1 phase, S phase and G2 phase

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19
Q

The phase which acts as an interval between mitosis and initiation of DNA replication is

A

G1 phase (Gap 1)

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20
Q

The phase in which cell is metabolically active and continuously grows but does not replicate its DNA is

A

G1 phase

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21
Q

The phase of cell cycle during which DNA replication takes place is

A

Synthesis phase

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22
Q

During S phase, the amount of DNA per cell

A

Doubles

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23
Q

If the chromosome number is 2n, then by the end of S phase, it will be

A

2n

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24
Q

If the initial amount of DNA is 2C, then by the end of S phase, it will be

A

4C

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25
Q

In animal cells, during S phase, DNA replication begins in __________

A

nucleus

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25
Q

In animal cells, during S phase, DNA replication begins in __________

A

nucleus

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26
Q

Duplication of centriole during S phase occurs in ____________

A

Cytoplasm

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27
Q

Proteins for preparation of M phase are synthesised during ____________

A

G2 phase

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28
Q

The cells of adult animals which do not undergo division are

A

heart cells

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29
Q

The cells which do not divide further exit G1 phase to enter into an inactive stage called

A

Quiescent stage (G0)

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30
Q

The phase of cell cycle in which cells remain metabolically active but do not proliferate unless called upon is

A

Quiescent stage (G0)

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31
Q

The metabolic state of cells during G0 phase is

A

Active

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32
Q

In animals, mitotic cell division is only seen in

A

diploid somatic cells

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33
Q

In which organisms do haploid cells divide by mitosis?

A

male honey bees

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34
Q

Reorganisation of virtually all components of the cell occurs during which phase?

A

M phase

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35
Q

The phase of cell cycle, which is called as equational division, is

A

M phase

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36
Q

The four stages of karyokinesis are namely

A

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase

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37
Q

The first stage of karyokinesis occuring after G2 phase is

A

Prophase

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38
Q

The stage of mitosis marked by the initiation of condensation of chromosomal material is

A

Prophase

39
Q

During prophase, the structure which begins to move towards opposite poles of the cell is

A

Centrosome

40
Q

Centrosome duplicates during _______________ of interphase

A

S phase

41
Q

During prophase, chromosomal material condenses to form compact mitotic ____.

A

Chromosomes

42
Q

Chromosomes are composed of two chromatids attached together at

A

Centromere

43
Q

Asters radiating out of centrosome are structurally

A

microtubules

44
Q

Each centrosome radiates out microtubules called

A

asters

45
Q

Mitotic apparatus is formed by spindle fibres and

A

2 asters

46
Q

The component which along with asters form mitotic apparatus is

A

spindle fibres

47
Q

The complete disintegration of nuclear envelope marks the start of which phase of mitosis?

A

Metaphase

48
Q

_____________ of chromosomes is completed by the beginning of metaphase

A

Condensation

49
Q

Metaphase is the stage to study ______________ completely

A

Morphology of chromosomes

50
Q

Chromosomes are clearly visible under a microscope by which stage of mitosis?

A

Metaphase

51
Q

Metaphase chromosome is composed of

A

Two sister chromatids

52
Q

Two sister chromatids are held together by

A

Centromere

53
Q

Small disc-shaped structures at the surface of centromeres are called

A

Kinetochores

54
Q

The structures that serve as the site for attachment of spindle fibres are

A

Kinetochores

55
Q

During metaphase, chromosomes are seen to lie at

A

Equator

56
Q

Chromatids are connected via kinetochores to their respective _________________

A

Spindle fibres

57
Q

The plane of alignment of chromosomes at metaphase is referred as

A

Metaphase plate

58
Q

Spindle fibres getting attached to kinetochores of chromosomes is the characteristic feature of which phase?

A

Metaphase

59
Q

The phase of mitosis characterized by splitting of daughter chromatids in order to migrate towards two opposite poles is

A

Anaphase

60
Q

In anaphase, what migrates towards two opposite poles from equatorial plate?

A

Daughter chromatids

61
Q

During which phase centromeres split and chromatids separate?

A

Anaphase

62
Q

The final stage of karyokinesis is

A

Telophase

62
Q

The chromosomes that have reached their respective poles decondense during which phase of mitosis?

A

Telophase

62
Q

Identity of chromosomes is lost as a discrete elements during which mitotic phase?

A

Telophase

63
Q

________, __________ and ______ are reformed during telophase.

A

Nucleolus, golgi complex and ER

64
Q

During telophase, _____________ develops around chromosome clusters at each pole forming two daughter nuclei

A

Nuclear envelope

65
Q

After karyokinesis, cell division gets completed by the process of

A

Cytokinesis

66
Q

Cytokinesis is achieved by the appearance of a furrow in the plasma membrane of ___________ cells

A

Animal

67
Q

Wall formation starts in the centre of the cell and grows outward to meet the existing lateral walls in _________ cells

A

Plant

68
Q

The precursor for formation of new cell wall in plant cells is

A

Cell-plate

69
Q

The middle lamella between the walls of adjacent plant cells is represented by

A

Cell-plate

70
Q

The cell organelles which get distributed between two daughter cells during cytokinesis are

A

Mitochondria and Plastids

71
Q

Karyokinesis, when not followed by cytokinesis leads to the formation of

A

Syncytium

72
Q

Liquid endosperm in coconut is an example of

A

Syncytium

73
Q

The type of cell division which generally results in the production of diploid cells is

A

Mitosis

74
Q

Mitosis usually results in production of ____________with identical genetic complement

A

Diploid daughter cells

75
Q

The growth of multicellular organisms is due to

A

Mitosis

76
Q

Cell division is necessary to restore the _____________ ratio.

A

Nuclear-cytoplasmic

77
Q

Cells are repaired by which cell division?

A

Mitosis

78
Q

Continuous growth of plants is due to division of meristematic tissues by the process of ____________

A

Mitosis

79
Q

The cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half in production of haploid daughter cells is

A

Meiosis

80
Q

The type of cell division which ensures the production of haploid phase in life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms is

A

Meiosis

81
Q

The formation of haploid gametes in both plants and animals occur by

A

Meiosis

82
Q

Meiosis involves ______ cycles of nuclear and cell division

A

Two sequential

83
Q

Meiosis involves pairing of which chromosomes?

A

Homologous chromosomes

84
Q

The type of cell cycle which involves recombination between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes is

A

Meiosis

85
Q

At the end of meiosis II, ____________ cells are formed.

A

Four haploid

86
Q

The five sub-phases of prophase I are

A

Leptotene, Zygotene, Pachytene, Diplotene and Diakinesis

87
Q

The stage of meiosis during which compaction of chromosomes occur is

A

Leptotene

88
Q

The process of pairing of chromosomes is called

A

Synapsis

89
Q

Synapsis occurs during which phase of meiosis I?

A

Zygotene

90
Q

The paired chromosomes are called

A

Homologous chromosomes

91
Q

Chromosome synapsis is accompanied by the formation of complex structure called

A

Synaptonemal complex

92
Q

The complex formed by a pair of synapsed homologous chromosomes is called

A

Bivalent or tetrad

93
Q

The two shortlived stages of prophase I are _______________ and ________________.

A

Leptotene and zygotene

NCERT Kro, NEET Podho (38 decks)

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