CCP Intro To Psychology Chapter 6

Question 1

Involves focusing on a specific aspect of an experience while ignoring others

Answer 1

Selective Attention

Question 2

Concentrating on more than one activity at the same time.

Answer 2

Divided Attention

Question 3

The ability to maintain attention to a selected stimulus for a prolonged period of time.

Answer 3

Sustained Attention

Question 4

A continuum of memory processing from shallow to intermediate to deep, with deeper processing producing better memory.

Answer 4

Levels Of Processing

Question 5

The formation of a number of different connections around a stimulus at a given level of memory encoding.

Answer 5

Elaboration

Question 6

Theory stating that memory storage involves three separate systems: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.

Answer 6

Atkinson-Shiffrin Theory

Question 7

Memory system that involves holding information from the world in its original sensory form for only an instant

Answer 7

Sensory Memory

Question 8

Auditory Sensory Memory

Answer 8

Echoic Memory

Question 9

Visual Sensory Memory

Answer 9

Iconic Memory

Question 10

Limited-capacity memory system in which information is usually retained for only as long as 30 seconds

Answer 10

Short Term Memory

Question 11

Grouping or packing memory

Answer 11

Chunking

Question 12

A combination of components, including short-term memory and attention, that allow individuals to hold information temporarily as they perform cognitive tasks

Answer 12

Working Memory

Question 13

Specialized to briefly store speech based information about the sounds of language

Answer 13

Phonological Loop

Question 14

Stores visual and spatial information

Answer 14

Visuo-Spatial Sketchpad

Question 15

Integrates information from long term memory

Answer 15

Central Executive

Question 16

A permanent type of memory that stores huge amounts of information for a long time.

Answer 16

Long-Term Memory

Question 17

The conscious recollection of information, such as specific facts or events

Answer 17

Explicit Memory

Question 18

A person’s knowledge about the world.

Answer 18

Semantic Memory

Question 19

The retention of information about the where, when, and what of life’s happenings—that is, how individuals remember life’s episodes.

Answer 19

Episodic Memory

Question 20

Memory in which behavior is affected by prior experience without a conscious recollection of that experience.

Answer 20

Implicit Memory

Question 21

Memory for skills.

Answer 21

Procedural Memory

Question 22

The activation of information that people already have in storage to help them remember new information better and faster.

Answer 22

Priming

Question 23

The retention of information or experience over time as the result of three key processes: encoding, storage, and retrieval.

Answer 23

Memory

Question 24

The first step in memory; the process by which information gets into memory storage.

Answer 24

Encoding

Question 25

The memory process that occurs when information that was retained in memory comes out of storage.

Answer 25

Retrieval

Question 26

The tendency to recall the items at the beginning and end of a list more readily than those in the middle.

Answer 26

Serial Position Effect

Question 27

Better recall for items at the beginning of a list

Answer 27

Primacy Effect

Question 28

Better recall for items at the end of a list

Answer 28

Recency Effect

Question 29

memory task in which the person must retrieve previously learned information

Answer 29

Recall

Question 30

People remember better when they attempt to recall information in the same context in which they learned it

Answer 30

Context Dependent Memory

Question 31

A special form of episodic memory, consisting of a person’s recollections of their life experiences

Answer 31

Autobiographical Memory

Question 32

The memory of emotionally significant events that people often recall with more accuracy and vivid imagery than everyday events.

Answer 32

Flashbulb memory

Question 33

Forgetting that occurs when something is so painful or anxiety-laden that remembering it is intolerable.

Answer 33

Motivated forgetting

Question 34

shows how learned information slips out of our memories over time – unless we take action to keep it there

Answer 34

Ebbinghaus’s forgetting curve

Question 35

The theory that people forget not because memories are lost from storage but because other information gets in the way of what they want to remember.

Answer 35

Interference theory

Question 36

Situation in which material that was learned earlier disrupts the recall of material that was learned later.

Answer 36

Proactive interference

Question 37

Situation in which material that was learned later disrupts the retrieval of information that was learned earlier.

Answer 37

Retroactive interference

Question 38

Theory stating that when an individual learns something new, a neurochemical memory trace forms, but over time this trace disintegrates; suggests that the passage of time always increases forgetting.

Answer 38

Decay theory

Question 39

A type of effortful retrieval associated with a person’s feeling that they know something (say, a word or a name) but cannot quite pull it out of memory.

Answer 39

Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

Question 40

The loss of memory.

Answer 40

Amnesia

Question 41

A memory disorder that affects the retention of new information and events.

Answer 41

Anterograde

Question 42

Memory loss for a segment of the past but not for new events.

Answer 42

Retrograde

Question 43

Memory task in which the person only has to identify (recognize) learned item

Answer 43

Recognition