CCP Intro To Psychology Chapter 10

Question 1

A pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.

Answer 1

Personality

Question 2

The part of the person that Freud called the “it,” consisting of unconscious drives; the individual’s reservoir of sexual energy.

Answer 2

Id

Question 3

The Freudian structure of personality that deals with the demands of reality.

Answer 3

ego

Question 4

The Freudian structure of personality that serves as the harsh internal judge of the individual’s behavior; what is often referred to as conscience.

Answer 4

superego

Question 4

Tactics the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.

Answer 4

Defense mechanisms

Question 5

the ego refuses anxiety inducing realities

Answer 5

Denial

Question 6

directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening object

Answer 6

displacement

Question 7

pushes unacceptable impulses into the unconscious mind

Answer 7

repression

Question 8

Theoretical views emphasizing that personality is primarily unconscious (beyond awareness).

Answer 8

Psychodynamic perspectives

Question 9

The infants pleasure centers on the mouth

Answer 9

Oral stage

Question 9

The infants pleasure centers on the anus

Answer 9

anal stage

Question 9

The infants pleasure centers on the penis

Answer 9

phallic stage

Question 10

the child sets aside all interest in sexuality

Answer 10

latency period

Question 10

The standards that the individual must live up to in order to receive positive regard from others.

Answer 10

Conditions of worth

Question 11

source of sexual pleasure shifts to someone outside of the family

Answer 11

genital stage

Question 11

Theoretical views stressing a person’s capacity for personal growth and positive human qualities.

Answer 11

Humanistic perspectives

Question 12

Rogers’s construct referring to the individual’s need to be accepted, valued, and treated positively regardless of their behavior.

Answer 12

Unconditional positive regard

Question 13

conscious representation of who we are and who we wish to become

Answer 13

Self-concept

Question 14

Theoretical views stressing that personality consists of broad, enduring dispositions (traits) that tend to lead to characteristic responses.

Answer 14

Trait theories

Question 15

The five broad traits that are thought to describe the main dimensions of personality: openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (emotional instability).

Answer 15

Big five factors of personality

Question 16

distress and dissatisfaction

Answer 16

Neuroticism

Question 17

Theoretical views emphasizing conscious awareness, beliefs, expectations, and goals.

Answer 17

Social cognitive perspectives

Question 17

expressive and outgoing patterns of behavior

Answer 17

extraversion

Question 17

a tendency to be organized and dependable and to show self-discipline

Answer 17

conscientiousness

Question 18

receptivity to new ideas and new experiences

Answer 18

openness to experience

Question 19

behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors are all important in understanding personality

Answer 19

Bandura’s social cognitive theory

Question 19

the way behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors interact to create personality

Answer 19

Reciprocal determinism

Question 20

sense of behavioral control coming from inside the person

Answer 20

Internal locus of control

Question 21

sense of behavioral control coming from outside the person

Answer 21

External locus of control

Question 22

The belief that one can master a situation and produce positive change.

Answer 22

Self-efficacy

Question 23

Also called an objective test or an inventory, a method of measuring personality characteristics that directly asks people whether specific items describe their personality traits.

Answer 23

Self-report tests

Question 23

A type of self-report test that presents many questionnaire items to two groups that are known to be different in some central way.

Answer 23

Empirically keyed test

Question 24

The most widely used and researched empirically keyed self-report personality test.

Answer 24

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Question 25

The extent to which a test item appears to fit the particular trait it is measuring.

Answer 25

Face validity

Question 26

A personality assessment test that presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and asks them to describe it or tell a story about it—to project their own meaning onto the stimulus.

Answer 26

Projective tests

Question 27

A projective test that is designed to elicit stories that reveal something about an individual’s personality.

Answer 27

Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

Question 28

A famous projective test that uses an individual’s perception of inkblots to determine their personality.

Answer 28

Rorschach Inkblot Test