CCP Intro To Psychology Chapter 1

Question 1

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

uses systematic methods to observe human behavior and draw conclusions

Answer 2

Psychology as a science

Question 3

everything we do that can be directly observed

Answer 3

Psychology as a behavior

Question 4

The thoughts, feelings, and motives that each of us experiences privately but that cannot be observed directly

Answer 4

Psychology as a mental process

Question 5

the process of thinking deeply and actively, asking questions, and evaluating the evidence

Answer 5

Critical Thinking

Question 6

gaining knowledge by observing events, collecting data, and reasoning logically

Answer 6

Empirical Method

Question 7

founded psychology as a formal science; opened first psychology research laboratory in 1879

Answer 7

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 8

gave psychology widespread recognition

Answer 8

William James

Question 9

the analysis of the basic elements that constitute the mind

Answer 9

Structuralism

Question 10

looked into the functions or purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual’s adaptation to the environment.

Answer 10

Functionalism

Question 11

The Different Approaches to Modern Psychology

Answer 11

Contemporary Approaches

Question 12

a focus on the body, especially the brain and nervous system

Answer 12

Biological

Question 13

the scientific study of the structure, function, development, genetics, and biochemistry of the nervous system

Answer 13

Neuroscience

Question 14

the scientific study of observable behavioral responses and their environmental determinants

Answer 14

Behavioral

Question 15

emphasizes unconscious thought, conflict between biological drives, and society’s demands.

Answer 15

Psychodynamic

Question 16

Founder of the Psychodynamic approach. Theorized that early relationships with parents shape an individual’s personality

Answer 16

Sigmund Freud

Question 17

emphasizes a persons positive qualities, the capacity for positive growth, and the freedom to choose ones destiny

Answer 17

Humanistic

Question 18

emphasizes evolutionary ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection as the basis for explaining human specific behaviors

Answer 18

Evolutionary

Question 19

examines social and cultural environments effects on behavior

Answer 19

Sociocultural

Question 20

the shared knowledge, practices, and attitudes of groups of people

Answer 20

Culture

Question 21

behavior is influenced by biological factors such as genes

Answer 21

Biopsychosocial

Question 22

how psychologists gain knowledge about mind and behavior

Answer 22

Psychology’s Scientific Method

Question 23

Anything that can change

Answer 23

Variable

Question 24

a broad or set of closely related ideas that attempts to explain observations

Answer 24

Theory

Question 25

a testable prediction that derives logically from a theory

Answer 25

Hypothesis

Question 26

provides an objective description of how a variable is going to be measured and observed in a particular study

Answer 26

Operational Definition

Question 27

describing some phenomenon - determining its basic dimensions and defining what this thing is, how often it occurs, and so on

Answer 27

Descriptive Research

Question 28

an in-depth look at a single individual

Answer 28

Case Study

Question 29

the relationships between variables, and its purpose is to examine whether and how two variables change together

Answer 29

Correlational Research

Question 30

A statistic that tells us the type and the strength of the relationship between two variables

Answer 30

Correlation Coefficient

Question 31

when two variables go the same direction, both rise or both fall

Answer 31

positive correlation

Question 32

When two variables move opposite the opposite way. One rises, and one falls

Answer 32

negative correlation

Question 33

Just because something is correlated does not mean

Answer 33

it is the cause (Correlation does not equal causation.)

Question 34

a carefully regulated procedure in which the researcher manipulates one or more variables that are believed to influence some other variable

Answer 34

Experiment

Question 35

researchers assign participants to groups by chance

Answer 35

Random assignment

Question 36

a manipulated experimental factor; the variable that the experimenter changes to see what its effects are

Answer 36

Independent Variable

Question 37

The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.

Answer 37

Dependent Variable

Question 38

the participants in an experiment who receive the treatment that is of interest to the researcher

Answer 38

Experimental group

Question 39

treated like the experimental group in every possible way, except they don’t receive treatment

Answer 39

Control group

Question 40

Occurs when participants’ expectations, rather than the experimental treatment, produce an outcome.

Answer 40

Placebo effect

Question 41

a harmless substance that has no physiological effect

Answer 41

Placebo

Question 42

the group that the investigator wants to draw conclusions about

Answer 42

Population

Question 43

the subset of the population chosen by the investigator for study

Answer 43

Sample

Question 44

A sample that gives every member of the population an equal chance of being selected

Answer 44

Random Sample

Question 45

Observing behavior in a real world setting

Answer 45

Naturalistic Observation