CCP Intro To Psychology Chapter 11

Question 1

The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people.

Answer 1

Social psychology

Question 2

The tendency of an individual who observes an emergency to be less likely to help when other people are present than when the observer is alone.

Answer 2

Bystander effect

Question 3

The area of social psychology exploring how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information.

Answer 3

Social cognition

Question 4

Stereotype

Answer 4

Stereotype

Question 5

Social expectations that cause an individual to act in such a way that the expectations are realized.

Answer 5

Self-fulfilling prophecy

Question 6

An individual’s fast-acting, self-fulfilling fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype about their group.

Answer 6

Stereotype threat

Question 7

The view that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior as part of their effort to make sense of the behavior.

Answer 7

Attribution theory

Question 8

Observers’ overestimation of the importance of internal traits and underestimation of the importance of external situations when they seek explanations of another person’s behavior.

Answer 8

Fundamental attribution theory

Question 9

An individual’s opinions and beliefs about people, objects, and ideas—how the person feels about the world.

Answer 9

Attitudes

Question 10

two-week simulation of a prison environment that examined the effects of situational variables on participants’ reactions and behaviors

Answer 10

Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Experiment

Question 11

An individual’s psychological discomfort (dissonance) caused by two inconsistent thoughts.

Answer 11

Cognitive dissonance

Question 12

Theory identifying two ways to persuade: a central route and a peripheral route.

Answer 12

Elaboration likelihood model

Question 13

Giving to another person with the ultimate goal of benefiting that person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself.

Answer 13

Altruism

Question 14

Giving to another person to ensure reciprocity; to gain self-esteem; to present oneself as powerful, competent, or caring; or to avoid social and self-censure for failing to live up to society’s expectations.

Answer 14

Egoism

Question 15

A feeling of oneness with the emotional state of another person.

Answer 15

Empathy

Question 16

Social behavior whose objective is to harm someone, either physically or verbally.

Answer 16

Aggression

Question 17

Physical or verbal behavior that directly harms another person.

Answer 17

Overt aggression

Question 18

Behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person.

Answer 18

Relational aggression

Question 19

The phenomenon that the more individuals encounter someone or something, the more probable it is that they will start liking the person or thing even if they do not realize they have seen it before.

Answer 19

Mere exposure effect

Question 20

the fear of social relationships as involving an exchange of good, the objective of which is to minimize costs and maximize benefits

Answer 20

Social exchange theory

Question 21

the study of how group members’ characteristics interact with the behavior of group members to create effective or ineffective group performance

Answer 21

Group processes

Question 22

A change in a person’s behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard.

Answer 22

Conformity

Question 23

The influence other people have on us because we want to be right.

Answer 23

Informational social influence

Question 24

The influence other people have on us because we want them to like us.

Answer 24

Normative social influence

Question 25

Behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority

Answer 25

Obedience

Question 26

an authority figure ordered participants to deliver what they believed were dangerous electrical shocks to another person. These results suggested that people are highly influenced by authority, and highly obedient

Answer 26

Milgram’s Study of Obedience

Question 27

The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group.

Answer 27

Deindividuation

Question 28

Imitative behavior involving the spread of behavior, emotions, and ideas.

Answer 28

Social contagion

Question 29

Improvement in an individual’s performance because of the presence of others.

Answer 29

Social facilitation

Question 30

Each person’s tendency to exert less effort in a group because of reduced accountability for individual effort.

Answer 30

Social loafing

Question 31

An unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual’s membership in a group.

Answer 31

Prejudice

Question 32

Systems, structures, and procedures in a society that disadvantage a racial group and privilege another.

Answer 32

Systemic racism

Question 33

Everyday, subtle, and potentially unintentional acts that communicate bias to members of marginalized groups.

Answer 33

Microaggressions

Question 34

An unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because the person belongs to that group.

Answer 34

Discrimination