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2nd Year - 1st Semester > CCNA 1 - Module 3 & 4 > Flashcards

CCNA 1 - Module 3 & 4 Flashcards

1
Q

is the process of converting information into another acceptable form for transmission.

A

Encoding

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2
Q

o reverses this process to interpret the information.

A

Decoding

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3
Q

o depend on the type of message and the channel that is used to deliver the message

A

Message formats

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4
Q

o – Manages the rate of data transmission and defines how much information can be sent and the speed at which it can be delivered.

A

Flow Control

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5
Q

o – Manages how long a device waits when it does not hear a reply from the destination

A

Response Timeout

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6
Q

o - Determines when someone can send a message

A

Access method

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7
Q

o – one to one communication

A

Unicast

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8
Q

o – one to many, not all

A

Multicast

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9
Q

o – one to all

A

Broadcast

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10
Q
  • – enable two or more devices to communicate over one or more networks
A

Network Communications

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11
Q
  • – secure data to provide authentication, data integrity, and data encryption
A

Network Security

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12
Q
  • – enable routers to exchange route information, compare path information, and select best path
A

Routing

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13
Q
  • – used for the automatic detection of devices or services
A

Service Discovery

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14
Q
  • – Identifies sender and receiver
A

Addressing

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15
Q
  • – Provides guaranteed delivery
A

Reliability

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16
Q
  • – Ensures data flows at an efficient rate
A

Flow Control

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17
Q
  • – Uniquely labels each transmitted segment of data
A

Sequencing

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18
Q
  • – Determines if data became corrupted during transmission
A

Error Detection

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19
Q
  • – Process-to-process communications between network applications
A

Application Interface

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20
Q
  • o Governs the way a web server and a web client interact
    o Defines content and format
A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

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21
Q
  • o Manages the individual conversations
    o Provides guaranteed delivery
    o Manages flow control
A

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

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22
Q
  • o Delivers messages globally from the sender to the receiver
A

Internet Protocol (IP)

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23
Q
  • o Delivers messages from one NIC to another NIC on the same Ethernet Local Area Network (LAN)
A

Ethernet

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24
Q
  • – The most common protocol suite and maintainedby the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
A

Internet Protocol Suite or TCP/IP

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25
Q
  • – Developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
A

Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) protocols

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26
Q
    • Proprietary suite release by Apple Inc.
A

AppleTalk

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27
Q
    • Proprietary suite developed by Novell Inc.
A

Novell NetWare

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28
Q

is the protocol suite used by the internet and includes many protocols.

A

TCP/IP

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29
Q
  • – Promotes the open development and evolution of nternet
A

Internet Society (ISOC)

30
Q
  • – Responsible for management and development of internet standards
A

Internet Architecture Board (IAB)

31
Q
  • – Develops, updates, and maintains internet and TCP/IP technologies
A

**Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) **

32
Q
  • – Focused on long-term research related to internet and TCP/IP protocols
A

Internet Research Task Force (IRTF)

33
Q
  • – dedicated to creating standards in power and energy, healthcare, telecommunications, and networking
A

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE, pronounced “I-triple-E”)

34
Q
  • – develops standards relating to electrical wiring, connectors, and the 19-inch racks used to mount networking equipment
A

Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA)

35
Q
  • – develops communication standards in radio equipment, cellular towers, Voice over IP (VoIP) devices, satellite communications, and more
A

Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

36
Q
  • – defines standards for video compression, Internet Protocol Television (IPTV), and broadband communications, such as a digital subscriber line (DSL)
A

International Telecommunications Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector (ITU-T)

37
Q

OSI MODEL LAYER

A
    • 7 - Application – Contains protocols used for process-to-process communications.
    • 6 - Presentation – Provides for common representation of the data transferred between application layer services.
    • 5 - Session – Provides services to the presentation layer and to manage data exchange.
    • 4 - Transport – Defines services to segment, transfer, and reassemble the data for individual communications.
    • 3 - Network – Provides services to exchange the individual pieces of data over the network.
    • 2 - Data Link – Describes methods for exchanging data frames over a common media.
    • 1 - Physical – Describes the means to activate, maintain, and de-activate physical connections.
38
Q
  • – Represents data to the user, plus encoding and dialog control.
A

Application

39
Q
  • – Supports communication between various devices across diverse networks.
A

Transport

40
Q
  • – Determines the best path through the network.
A

Internet

41
Q
  • – Controls the hardware devices and media that make up the network
A

Network Access

42
Q

BENEFITS OF SEGMENTING MESSAGES

A
  • Increases speed - Large amounts of data can be sent over the network without tying up a communications link.
  • Increases efficiency - Only segments which fail to reach the destination need to be retransmitted, not the entire data stream.
43
Q

is the process of numbering the segments so that the message may be reassembled at the destination.

A

Sequencing messages

44
Q

is the process where protocols add their information to the data.
- Top down process

A

Encapsulation

45
Q
  • – Responsible for delivering the IP packet from original source to the final destination.
A

Network layer source and destination addresses

46
Q
  • – Responsible for delivering the data link frame from one network interface card (NIC) to another NIC on the same network.
A

Data link layer source and destination addresses

47
Q
    • The IP address of the sending device, original source of the packet.
A

Source IP address

48
Q
    • The IP address of the receiving device, final destination of the packet
A

Destination IP address

49
Q
  • o The left-most part of the address indicates the network group which the IP address is a member.
    o Each LAN or WAN will have the same network portion.
A

Network portion (IPv4) or Prefix (IPv6)

50
Q
  • o The remaining part of the address identifies a specific device within the group.
A

Host portion (IPv4) or Interface ID (IPv6)

51
Q
  • Transports bits across the network media
  • Accepts a complete frame from the Data Link Layer and encodes it as a series of signals that are transmitted to the local media
  • This is the last step in the encapsulation process.
  • The next device in the path to the destination receives the bits and re-encapsulates the frame, then decides what to do with it.
A

The Physical Layer

52
Q
  • o converts the stream of bits into a format recognizable by the next device in the network path
    o ex. Manchester, 4B/5B and 8B/10B
A

Encoding

53
Q

o The ________ method is how the bit values, “1” and “0” are represented on the physical medium.
* it vary based on the type of medium being used

A

signaling

54
Q

is the capacity at which a medium can carry data.

A

Bandwidth

55
Q
  • o Amount of time, including delays, for data to travel from one given point to another
A

Latency

56
Q
  • o The measure of the transfer of bits across the media over a given period of time
A

Throughput

57
Q
  • o The measure of usable data transferred over a given period of time
    o Goodput = Throughput - traffic overhead
A

Goodput

58
Q

is the most common type of cabling used in networks today. It is inexpensive, easy to install, and has low resistance to electrical current flow.

A

Copper cabling

59
Q

COAXIAL CABLE USED IN:

A
  • Wireless installations - attach antennas to wireless devices
  • Cable internet installations - customer premises wiring
60
Q

PROPERTIES OF UTP CABLING

A
  • Cancellation - Each wire in a pair of wires uses opposite polarity. One wire is negative, the other wire is positive. They are twisted together and the magnetic fields effectively cancel each other and outside EMI/RFI.
    * Variation in twists per foot in each wire - Each wire is twisted a different amount, which helps prevent crosstalk amongst the wires in the cable.
61
Q

DIFFERENTIATE STRAIGHT-THROUGH AND CROSSOVER ETHERNET

A
  • straight-through - both ends T568A or T568B
  • crossover - one end T568A, other end T568B
62
Q

DIFFERENTIATE T568A AND T568B

A
  • T568A - w-green > green > w-orange > blue > w-blue > orange > w-brown > brown
  • T568B - w-orange > orange > w-green > blue > w-blue > green > w-brown > brown
63
Q
    • Used for backbone cabling applications and interconnecting infrastructure devices
A

Enterprise Networks

64
Q
    • Used to provide always-on broadband services to homes and small businesses
A

Fiber-to-the-Home (FTTH)

65
Q
    • Used by service providers to connect countries and cities
A

Long-Haul Networks

66
Q
    • Used to provide reliable high-speed, high-capacity solutions capable of surviving in harsh undersea environments at up to transoceanic distances
A

Submarine Cable Networks

67
Q
  • is primarily used as backbone cabling for high-traffic, point-to-point connections between data distribution facilities and for the interconnection of buildings in multi-building campuses.
A

Optical fiber

68
Q

Some of the limitations of wireless:

A
  • Coverage area - Effective coverage can be significantly impacted by the physical characteristics of the deployment location.
  • Interference - Wireless is susceptible to interference and can be disrupted by many common devices.
  • Security - Wireless communication coverage requires no access to a physical strand of media, so anyone can gain access to the transmission.
  • Shared medium - WLANs operate in half-duplex, which means only one device can send or receive at a time. Many users accessing the WLAN simultaneously results in reduced bandwidth for each user.
69
Q

Wireless Standards:

A
  • Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) - Wireless LAN (WLAN) technology
  • Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15) - Wireless Personal Area network (WPAN) standard
  • WiMAX (IEEE 802.16) - Uses a point-to-multipoint topology to provide broadband wireless access
  • Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4) - Low data-rate, low power-consumption communications, primarily for Internet of Things (IoT) applications
70
Q
    • Concentrate wireless signals from users and connect to the existing copper-based network infrastructure
A

Wireless Access Point (AP)

71
Q
    • Provide wireless communications capability to network hosts
A

Wireless NIC Adapters

2nd Year - 1st Semester (7 decks)

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