Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PHGY-210 > Cardiovascular System - Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System - Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What kind of circulation is insect circulation?

A

open circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the circulatory fluid called in insects?

A

hemolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What corresponds to the blood and interstitial fluid in vertebrates?

A

hemolymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why doesn’t the circulatory system of insects not transport oxygen unlike the circulatory system of vertebrates?

A

because it does not have hemoglobin (respiration is carried out by the tracheal system)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does circulation move in insects?

A

from back to front due to the dorsal vessel made up of an aorta and thoracic bulbs (heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the heart part of insects made up of?

A

chambers all ending in a valve called ostiole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the hemolymph pumped in insects?

A

ostiole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What kind of circulation do fish have?

A

closed, single-loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many heart chambers do fish have?

A

2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where does blood arrive in fish?

A

through the veins into the atrium then into the ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What allows the blood to be sent into the artery when it contracts in fish?

A

the ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At what level is blood deoxygenated in fish?

A

the gill branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What kind of circulation do amphibians and most reptilians have?

A

closed, double-loop circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How many chambers of the heart do amphibians and most reptiles have?

A

3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 2 circulations called in amphibians and most reptilians?

A
  • the small circulation or pulmonocutaneous circuit
  • the large circulation or systemic circuit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How are the chambers of the heart divided in amphibians and most reptilians?

A

2 atria and a single ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does the small circulation go towards after leaving the ventricle in amphibians and most reptilians?

A

the lungs and the skin (places where gas exchange takes place)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How is blood ejected into the systemic circulation in amphibians and most reptilians?

A

blood enriched in O2 returns to the left atrium then passes into the ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does oxygen-depleted blood go in amphibians and most reptilians?

A

the right atrium then to the ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How many chambers does a crocodile’s heart have?

A

4

21
Q

How many aortas do crocodiles have?

A

2

22
Q

What does the right aorta connect in crocodiles?

A

the left ventricle to the systemic circulation

23
Q

What does the left aorta connect in crocodiles?

A

the right ventricle to the systemic circulation

24
Q

What is the valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary circulation called in crocodiles?

A

“gear-tooth valve”

25
Q

What happens to the gear-tooth valve of crocodiles underwater?

A

it closes

26
Q

What happens to the oxygen-poor blood from the right side of the heart in crocodiles when the gear-tooth valve closes?

A

it enters the left aorta (systemic circulation)

27
Q

How many chambers does the mammalian heart have?

A

4

28
Q

What kind of circulation is the right heart responsible for in mammalians?

A

pulmonary circulation

29
Q

What kind of circulation is the left heart responsible for in mammalians?

A

systemic circulation

30
Q

What kind of circulation is the mammalian heart?

A

closed, double-loop

31
Q

Why is oxygenated blood separated from deoxygenated blood in mammalians?

A

to have a better supply of O2 to cells and tissues

32
Q

What is blood volume equal to?

A

5L (75 mL/kg)

33
Q

What is one unit of blood equal to?

A

450 mL

34
Q

What is stroke volume equal to?

A

70 mL

35
Q

What is the formula for stroke volume?

A

end-diastolic volume - end-systolic volume

36
Q

What % of blood is the venous system?

A

61%

37
Q

Why is the venous system compliant?

A

because it can change accordingly to the changes in volume

38
Q

What % of blood is the arterial system?

A

18%

39
Q

Why is the arterial system resistant?

A

because changes in volume increase resistance

40
Q

What is venous return?

A

the flow of blood from the periphery back to the atrium, and it is equal to cardiac output

41
Q

What is cardiac output?

A

the amount of blood the heart pumps in one minute and is equal to the heart rate multiplied by the stroke volume

42
Q

What would be the stroke volume if the cardiac output is 5L/min and the HR is 70 bpm?

A

70 mL

43
Q

What is blood flow?

A

the volume (V) of blood circulating per unit of time (T)

44
Q

How can blood flow be expressed?

A

mL/min or L/min

45
Q

What is the normalized blood flow?

A

mL/min/100 gm

46
Q

Why do we have a lot of capillaries?

A

to slow things down

47
Q

Why is flow = area x MEAN velocity?

A

because the velocity is not necessarily the same at every point in the cross section

48
Q

What is the structural difference bewteen arteries and veins?

A

veins have a valve

49
Q

What are the 4 advantages of branching networks?

A

✓ Cells are close to a capillary
✓ High total area of the wall of the capillaries
✓ Low blood flow velocity in the capillaries
✓ High total cross-sectional area

PHGY-210 (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions