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PHGY-210 > Cardiovascular System - Lecture 10 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System - Lecture 10 Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the cardiovascular effects of exercise? (2)

A
  1. sustained (steady state)
  2. O2 used = O2 taken in
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2
Q

What happens to HR during exercise?

A

it increases

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3
Q

HR during exercise is proportional to what?

A

work

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4
Q

How can you find your Max HR?

A

220-age (variable) and decreases as a function of your age

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5
Q

How much can your HR change during exercise?

A

3x or more (60 to 180 BPM)

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6
Q

Why does HR increase during exercise?

A

due to increase in sympathetic tone and decrease in parasympathetic tone

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7
Q

What happens to stroke volume during exercise?

A

it increases a little (in the situation in the notes, it dips)

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8
Q

What increases contractility in stroke volume during exercise?

A

sympathetic activity

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9
Q

At very high heart rates there is usually a ___ in SV.

A

fall

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10
Q

Why is there a fall in SV at very high heart rates?

A
  • decrease systole
  • diastolic period shortens much more
  • filling time decreases
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11
Q

What happens to cardiac output during exercise?

A

it goes up linearly

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12
Q

What does CO mostly depend on during exercise?

A

HR

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13
Q

What is the factor for both HR and CO?

A

3

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14
Q

What does circulating epinephrine bind to on the SA node to increase HR and contractility?

A

b-receptors

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15
Q

What happens to MAP during exercise?

A

it increases a bit (20%)

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16
Q

What is the factor of increase in MAP compared to CO?

A

1.2 compared to 3

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17
Q

What happens to diastolic AP during exercise?

A

almost no increase

18
Q

What happens to systole AP during exercise?

A

increases from 120 to 190

19
Q

What do you check during the cardiac ‘stress test’?

A

make sure the systolic rises to a high level (around 200 mmHg)
- measures the ventricles ability to generate force

20
Q

What does low force during cardiac stress test indicate?

A

damage to ventricles (scar tissue)

21
Q

What happens to TPR during exercise?

A

it drops 40% its resting value

22
Q

Why does TPR drop during exercise?

A

because muscles consume more O2 and generate waste products: metabolic autoregulation

23
Q

What happens to oxygen consumption during exercise?

A

it rises by around 9x

24
Q

Why does oxygen consumption increase by 9x?

A

Oxygen consumption increase due to 3x increase in CO and a 3x increase in the amount of O2 extracted (3x arteriovenous O2 difference).

25
Q

What is the ranking of increased blood flow during exercise?

A
  1. muscle
  2. skin
  3. heart
  4. elsewhere
26
Q

What factor does blood flow increase in muscle during exercise?

A

12x

27
Q

What factor does blood flow increase in skin during exercise?

A

5x

28
Q

What factor does blood flow increase in the heart during exercise?

A

3.5x

29
Q

Why is there a drop in the rest of the body during exercise?

A

because MAP is almost constant which compensates for increase

30
Q

Norepinephrine is a potent ___ agonist.

A

alpha

31
Q

Epinephrine is a ___ agonist.

A

beta

32
Q

What receptor activation balance determines tone at rest?

A

alpha beta receptor activation

33
Q

What happens in non-exercising muscle and most organs during exercise?

A
  1. alpha»beta = constriction
  2. R increases
34
Q

T or F:
Non-exercise muscle does experience vasoconstriction in arterioles during exercise.

A

true

35
Q

What 3 substances increases vasoconstriction in alpha receptors?

A

plasma norepinephrine, norepinephrine in ECF, plasma epinephrine

36
Q

Which receptor causes vasoconstriction?

A

alpha

37
Q

Which substance increases vasodilation in beta receptors?

A

plasma epinephrine

38
Q

T or F:
Training has an effect on max heart rate.

A

false, it has no effect on max heart rate

39
Q

What happens to stroke volume and heart rate during a few weeks of aerobic training?

A

SV: increases
HR: doesnt increase

40
Q

What happens to contractility during endurance training?

A

it increases

41
Q

What happens to hypertrophy, SV and resting HR during endurance training when contractility increases?

A

hypertrophy: increases
SV: increases
resting HR: falls

PHGY-210 (36 decks)

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