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Cardiology > Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Sodium Nitroprusside?

A

Direct action relaxing arterioles and venules via NO

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2
Q

What is the physiological effect of Losartan and what is it used to treat?

A

Lowers TPR, reduces plasma volume

heart failure, diabetic nephropathy

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3
Q

What is the drug Quinidine used to treat?

A

Atrial arrhythmias, PSVT, WPW

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4
Q

What is Atenolol used to treat?

A

Decrease myocardial O2 demand to lessen angina, heart failure

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5
Q

What are some side effects of Amiodarone?

A

Torsades de pointes, pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis

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6
Q

What is Diltiazem used to treat?

A

Arrhythmia, Prinzmetal’s angina

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7
Q

What are the important side effects associated with Quinidine?

A

Torsades de pointes, cinchonism, thrombocytopenia, anticholinergic effects

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8
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Atenolol?

A

Beta-receptor antagonist

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9
Q

What is the mechanism of action and physiological effect of Nifedipine?

A

Ca-channel blocker

Prevents smooth muscle contraction

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10
Q

What class of drug is Procainamide?

A

Anti-arrhythmic Class IA

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11
Q

What is Metoprolol used to treat?

A

Treatment and prophylaxis of PSVT; prevent recurrent MI in pt recovering from MI; decrease myocardial O2 demand to lessen angina, heart failure

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12
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Hydrochlorothiozide?

A

Inhibits Na reabsorption in distal tubules

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13
Q

What class of drug is Lidocaine?

A

Anti-arrhythmic Class IB

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14
Q

What is Lidocaine used to treat?

A

Acute treatment of ventricular arrhythmia from MI; suppress ventricular tachycardia

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15
Q

What are some of the side effects of Lidocaine?

A

Neurotoxicity including seizures

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Metoprolol?

A

Beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist (beta-blocker)

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17
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Digoxin?

A

Inhibits the Na/K-ATPase

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18
Q

What class of drug is Esmolol?

A

Anti-arrhythmic Class II

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19
Q

What type of drug is hydrochlorothiozide?

A

Antihypertensive - diuretic

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20
Q

What type of drug is Nifedipine?

A

Antihypertensive vasodilator

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21
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Procainamide?

A

Na channel blocker; also block K channels. Decreases phase 0 depolarization.

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22
Q

Diltiazem is what type of drug?

A

Antihypertensive vasodilator

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23
Q

What is the physiological effect of hydrochlorothiozide and what is it used to treat?

A

Lowers plasma and ECF volume thus decreasing workload on heart and TPR
First therapy for managing HTN, heart failure

24
Q

What type of drug is Fenoldopam?

A

Antihypertensive - Misc

25
Q

What is the physiological effect of Esmolol?

A

Reduces heart rate, myocardial contraction force; prolongs AV node conduction and refractory period (slows HR and lessens contractility)

26
Q

What is the physiological effect of Lidocaine?

A

Purkinje fibers: depresses automaticity; higher affinity for ischemic tissue: suppresses spontaneous depolarization in ventricles by blocking reentry

27
Q

What is the physiological effect of Fenoldopam and what is it used to treat?

A

Decreases TPR with increased renal blood flow

Acute treatment of severe HTN

28
Q

What is the physiological effect of Sodium Nitroprusside and what is it used to treat?

A

Peripheral vasodilation—lowers preload and afterload

Hypertensive emergency, acute MI, aortic dissection, heart failure

29
Q

What class of drug is Amiodarone?

A

Anti-arrhythmic Class III

30
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Amiodarone?

A

Blocks Na, K, and Ca channels; blocks beta-1 receptors

31
Q

What is the physiological effect of Atenolol?

A

decreases blood pressure, renin release, and sympathetic outflow from brain

32
Q

What are the side effects associated with Esmolol?

A

AV block and cardiac arrest

33
Q

What is Procainamide used to treat?

A

Refractory ventricular fibrillation; pulseless ventricular tachycardia

34
Q

What is Digoxin used to treat?

A

Atrial fibrillation (first-line with heart failure or sedation); SVT

35
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Diltiazem?

A

Calcium channel blocker

36
Q

What is the physiological effect of Digoxin?

A

Increased intracellular Na followed by greater Ca influx; greater contraction

37
Q

What is the physiological effect of Metoprolol?

A

Reduces heart rate, myocardial contraction force; prolongs AV node conduction and refractory period (slows HR and lessens contractility)

38
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Lidocaine?

A

Na channel blocker: inhibits influx of Na thru fast Na channels

39
Q

What type of drug is Losartan?

A

Antihypertensive - Angiotensin Receptor Blocker

40
Q

What class of drug is Quinidine?

A

Antiarrhythmic Class IA

41
Q

What is Amiodarone used to treat?

A

Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias

42
Q

What is Esmolol used to treat?

A

Short-term control of: sinus tachycardia, PSVT, ventricular rate in pt with atrial fibrillation/ flutter

43
Q

What class of drug is Metoprolol?

A

Anti-arrhythmic Class II

44
Q

What class of drug is Digoxin?

A

Antiarrhythmic Class Misc

45
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Esmolol?

A

Beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist (beta-blocker)

46
Q

What is the mechanism of Quinidine?

A

Na channel blocker; also block K channels. Decreases phase 0 depolarization.

47
Q

What type of drug is Atenolol?

A

Antihypertensive Sympatholitic

48
Q

What type of drug is Sodium Nitroprusside

A

Antihypertensive Vasodilator

49
Q

What are some of the side effects of Metoprolol?

A

Fewer CNS effects than nonselective beta blockers, hypotension, bradycardia

50
Q

What are the side effects of Digoxin?

A

Nausea, vomiting, mental status change, vision color and EKG changes

51
Q

What are the side effects associated with Procainamide?

A

SLE symptoms

52
Q

What is the physiological effect of Procainamide?

A

Decreases myocardial CV, excitability and contractility; prolongs duration of AP

53
Q

What are the physiological effects of Amiodarone?

A

Properties of all 4 classes of Antiarrhythmic drugs

54
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Fenoldopam?

A

Selective D-1 inhibitor agonist

55
Q

What does nitroglycerine do?

A

Activates GC which increases cGMP levels and relaxes the vessel. Used in angina and decreases resistance in arteries.

56
Q

What is the physiological effect of Quinidine?

A

Decreases myocardial CV, excitability and contractility; prolongs duration of AP

57
Q

What is the physiological effect of Diltiazem?

A

Prevent vascular SM contraction

Cardiology (46 decks)

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