4.2.1 Cell Biology and Histology of Respiratory System

Question 1

Where is the olfactory area in the nasopharyngeal cavity?

Answer 1

Question 2

Which mitotically active cells produce neuronal cells throughout life?

Answer 2

Basal cells of the olfactory epithelium

Question 3

The axonal projections of olfactory epithelium project from which portion of the cell to what region of the brain?

Answer 3

Basal region and contacts neurons of the olfactory bulb in the brain

Question 4

What protein secreted by olfactory glands binds odorants? What do plasma cells in this region secrete?

Answer 4

Olfactory Binding Protein (OBP); IgA

Question 5

What are the two functional components of the respiratory system?

Answer 5

Conduction Sytem

Respiratory System

Question 6

What is the conduction system comprised of?

Answer 6

Nasal and oral cavities to terminal bronchioles

Question 7

What is the respiratory system comprised of?

Answer 7

Pulmonary acini consisting of respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

Question 8

Describe the flow of blood from the R ventricle through the lungs and body until it returns to the R atrium.

Answer 8

Question 9

Describe the positioning of the trachea, larnyx, pharnyx, and bronchi.

Answer 9

Pharnyx, Larnyx, Trachae, Bronchi

Question 10

What structure terminates at the respiratory bronchioles and gives rise to the alveolar capillary plexus?

Answer 10

Pulmonary artery

Question 11

What concentric structures helps keep the trachea open at all times?

Answer 11

Discontinuous rings of hyaline cartilage

Question 12

What do each of the letters represent?

Answer 12

C: Hyaline cartilage

M: mucosa

T: trachealis muscle

L: longitudinal muscle

Question 13

What do each of these letter represent in this cross section of the trachea?

Answer 13

E: Respiratory epithelium

LP: Lamina propria

SM: Submucosa

F: Fibroelastic Tissue

Question 14

Tobacco can have an immobilizing effect on what structure of the respiratory structure?

Answer 14

Cilia

Question 15

Describe the specific components of the respiratory system starting with nasal and oral cavities to the respiratory bronchioles.

Answer 15

Question 16

At what level traveling deeper into the respiratory system, does hyaline cartilage stop playing a role in its structure?

Answer 16

Terminal bronchiole

Question 17

What are the structures numbered 1-3?

Answer 17

Question 18

Describe the orientation of smooth muscle fibers and elastic fibers around the bronchioles.

Answer 18

Smooth muscle fibers are oriented concentrically

Elastic fibers are oriented longitudinally

Question 19

What is this a slide of?

Answer 19

Terminal bronchiole

Note: the absence of cartilage as well as some smooth muscle still present

Question 20

What do each of the letters represent?

Answer 20

A: alveoli

AD: alveoli ducts

AS: alveoli sacs

R: respiratory bronchiole

T: Terminal bronchiole

Question 21

Where are club cells found? What is their former name? What do they produce?

Answer 21

The number of clara cells progressively increases the number of goblet cells decreases. Goblet cells disappear entirely at the level of the terminal bronchiole.

Former name: Clara Cells

Club cells produce surfactant

Question 22

What are the three types of cells present in the alveolar sac?

Answer 22

Type I pneumocytes

Type II pneumocytes

Alveolar macrophages

Question 23

What type of cells produce surfactant in the alveoli?

Answer 23

Type II pneumocytes

Question 24

Replace each blue dot with these abreviatons: P1, P2, E, M, or C.

P1: type 1 pneumocyte, P2: type 2 pneumocyte, E: endothelial, M: macrophage, C: capillary

Answer 24

Question 25

What is being circumscribed in blue in this type II pneumocyte?

Answer 25

Surfactant granule

Question 26

What is the composition of surfactant?

Answer 26

Question 27

What are some common respiratory diseases?

Answer 27

Rhinovirus infections, Influenza, Pneumonia, Emphysema, Cystic Fibrosis, and Asthma

Question 28

Rhinoviruses typically affect which portion of the respiratory system?

Answer 28

The conducting system

Question 29

What are some of the symptoms of the flu?

Answer 29

Fever, sore throat, muscle and head aches, coughing, and fatigue

Question 30

What is the leading cause of death among the elderly?

Answer 30

Pneumonia