Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology > 3.2.1 Hypotension > Flashcards

3.2.1 Hypotension Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three clasifications of shock?

A

Hypovolemic

Distributive

Cardiogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some examples of hypovolemic?

A

Hemorrhage, Dehydration, Burns, Excessive Fluid Loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some examples of distributive shock?

A

Septic, Anaphylactic, Neurogenic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some examples of cardiogenic shock?

A

Cardiac tamponade, heart failure, MI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the the two common results of shock?

A

Decreased MAP and impaired organ blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the main problem in each type of shock?

A

Hypovolemic: Low blood volume

Distributive: arteriolar problem

Cardiogenic: pump problem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe the systemic effects/concept map of hypovolemic shock.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How can you distinguish hypovolemic shock due to hemorrhage from dehydration? How do you treat both of these?

A

Hemorrhage: Isotonic contraction (plasma osmolality is nearly normal), blood

Dehydration: Hypertonic contraction (plasma osmolality is greater than normal), 5% dextrose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

During hemorrhagic shock, the person’s pulse would have been described as weak or thready. What is the significance of this finding?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How much blood can be lost before aterial pressure changes? CO? What is responsibl for the difference b/t the two values?

A

Arterial pressure begins to change after 30% of blood is lost.

CO begins to change after 20% of blood is lost.

The difference is due to the baroreflex. The baroreflex can stimulate arteriolar contraction which will act to sustain MAP as long as possible.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are all of the factors that alter and adjust SV in hemorrhagic shock?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the mechanism that leads to septic shock, a form of distributive shock.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What happens to the rate of runoff in distributive shock?

A

Increased!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What allows for the extravasation of leukocytes from post-capillary venules despite the increased production of NO in septic shock? (This results in increased vascular permeability and edema)

A

Pro-inflammatory factors outweigh high levels of NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the mechanism leading to decreased MAP in anaphylactic shock.

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Why is eprinephrine used in the acute treatment of anaphylactic shock rather than norepinephrine?

A

It’s effects on both alpha-1 receptors as well as relax airways via beta-2 receptors

17
Q

Describe the mechanism leading to decreased MAP in neurogenic shock.

A
18
Q

Describe the mechanism/concept map leading to cardiac tamponade.

A
19
Q

What curve utilized in P-V loops is affected by cardiac tamponade?

A

Passive filling curve will be shifted upwards and EDV decreased

20
Q

What would be the major change in a person’s ECG recording after development of cardiac tamponade?

A

Diminish amplitude of waves and reduce heart sounds

21
Q

What are the compensatory responses to shock?

A
22
Q

What are the effects of SYM activation of Beta-1 receptors? Alpha-1 receptors?

A

Beta-1: Increase HR and SV (increased inotropic state)

Alpha-1: arteriolar constriction (increased TPR) and venoconstriction (increased venous return)

23
Q

What are the intial problems, compensatory responses, and secondary complications in the three types of shock?

A
24
Q

What is the main way to differentiate b/t hemorrhagic shock and cardiogenic shock?

A

Hemorrhagic shock: Decreased CVP

Cardiogenic shock: Increased CVP

25
Q

What are the treatments for each of the types of shock?

A
26
Q

What is irreversible shock?

A
27
Q

What are some of the mechanisms that lead to irreversible shock?

A
28
Q
A
29
Q
A

D. Impaired blood flow to systemic organs

30
Q
A

A

31
Q
A

D

32
Q
A

D

33
Q
A

E

34
Q
A

E

35
Q
A

Cardiology (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions