3.2.2 Cardiac Valve Dysfunction Flashcards
What is the key feature of aortic insufficiency?
Low diastolic pressure
This is because of back flow of blood from the aorta to LV, blood volume in the arterial system decreases faster than normal during diastole, even though systemic arteriolar resistance is unchanged.
What can be a result of chronic mitral insufficiency?
This will lead to elevated atrial pressures which can result in hypertrophy of the LA.
How does mitral insufficiency compare to tricuspid insufficiency?
What are some chronic problems associated with mitral stenosis?
Pulmonary edema impairs O2 transport and reduces O2 levels in lung tissue.
What will happen to the time of left ventricular systole from aortic stenosis?
Aortic pressure rises more slowly than normal and pulse pressure will be reduced. The time for left ventricular systole will be prolonged.
How do aortic insufficiency and pulmonic insufficiency compare?
What are the four types of murmurs?
What determines the murmur characteristic of mitral stenosis?
The pressure gradient is highest across the valve at the beginning of rapid ventricular filling. As blood enters, left atrial pressure falls during diastole. Artial contraction causes the second part of the murmur.
What is this an EKG of?
In mitral stenosis the cardiac valve disorder is in the left heart. This will cause right ventricular hypertrophy. Associated with a right axis deviation.
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What are some consequences of backflow from the aorta to the LV?
This can result in extra filling of the LV - acute and chronic effects
Abnormal runoff of blood from the arterial system.
What is mitral insufficiency?
This is failure of the mitral valve leaflets to close.
What is the notched P wave from in regards to mitral stenosis?
Elevated atrial pressure can result in hypertrophy of the LA
What can be a result of chronic aortic stenosis?
Increased afterload due to high resistance of the stenotic aortic valve will lead to left ventricular hypertrophy over time.
What is mitral stenosis?
The mitral valve doesn’t open completely. This causes a diastolic murmur.
What is the difference between aortic strenosis and pulmonic stenosis?