3.2.3 Cardiomyopathies Flashcards
What is being circled in this image?
Non caseating granulomas
What are 4 diseases that can present with myocardial involvement?
Amyloidosis, Sarcoidosis, Storage diseases, and Idiopathic
What is cardiomegaly?
Increase in cardiac weight or size
What is amyloidosis?
It leads to cardiomegaly, and is an amyloid infiltrate. Typicall presents with right sided failure
What is this an image of
Dilated cardiomyopathy
What are these stains associated with?
Cardiac amyloidosis
Left - Congo Red Stain
RIght - Apple Green birefringence
What is the gross pathology associated with dilated cardiomyopathy?
Cardiomegaly, dilation of the ventricles, mural thrombi.
What is a cardiomyopathy?
Myocardial disease with obscure etiology, often genetic and acquired factors.
What are some risk factors associated with dilated cardiomyopathy?
What are these images associated with?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Left - septal wall hypertrophy
What are the clinical features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What is sarcoidosis?
Generalized granulomatous disease. Presenting with non-caseating granulomas and fibrosis
What is restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Group of diseases in which myocardial or endocardial abnorms limit diastolic filling.
These are images of microfiber disarray
LOOK AT THEM!
What is the difference between endomyocardial fibrosis, Loeffler endocarditis, and endocardial fibroelastosis?
What are some of the gross pathological features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Cardiomegaly
Septal hypertrophy
Obstructive pattern
LV thickened wall
How do you treat dilated cardiomyopathy?
Transplant
What are some causes of secondary dilated cardiomyopathy?
These images are associated with what?
Endomyocardial diseases
What is the difference between the image on the left and right?
The left is normal
Right is dilated cardiomyopathy - atrophy and fibrosis
What is the gross pathology of restrictive cardiomyopathy?
If one family member has hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, why would it be important to tell other family members?
This disease has a fairly strong genetic correlation. These include genes encoding sarcomere proteins
What will electron microscopy reveal in dilated cardiomyopathy?
Increased mitochondria and loss of sarcomeres.
What is dilated cardiomyopathy?
Left or biventricular dilation, impaired contractility and can eventually lead to congestive heart failure.
What is this an image of? What is the significance of the area that the arrow is pointing to?
This is dilated cardiomyopathy. It is fibrous. The area the arrow is pointing to is where a mural thrombi would appear.
What is a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?
Left or biventricular hypertrophy. Asymmetric (septal hypertrophy). Can be obstructive.
