3.3.2 Hypertension Flashcards
What is hypertension defined as?
Diastolic > 90
Systolic > 140
What are the causes of hypertension?
Increasd CO
Increase TPR
or BOTH
What are the two classifications of hypertension?
Primary - etiology is unknown
Secondary - underlying cause of the increased CO or TPR is known
What are some areas of research for primary hypertension?
Abnormal function of the Na/K ATPase resulting in elevated cytosolic Ca2+
Microvascular dysfunction - decreased levels of nitric oxide and increased endothelin-1
As age increases how does this change the source of hypertension?
Why with increasing age does TPR become the main source of hypertension?
Arterioles begin to hypertrophy and there is decrease ventricular compliance
What is the pathway by which renal parenchymal disease can increase MAP?
How can renovascular hypertension lead to increased MAP?
How can pheochromocytoma lead to increased TPR and CO?
How can an adrenal glad tumor lead to increased MAP?
Does hyper/hypothyroidism lead to hypertension?
THERE IS A STONG ASSOCIATION
What is baroreceptor desensitivity?
Summarize the development of hypertension
Describe the dysfunction in development of hypertension in the heart and blood vessels.
Describe dysfunction in development of hypertension in the kidney and baroreceptor desensitization
Describe the dysfunction in development of hypertension in the adrenal gland and the central effects
How will ventricular hypertrophy shift a pressure volume loop? Why?
What kind of damage can occur to the heart and arteries from hypertension?
How will heart failure shift a P-V loop?
What are the systolic and diastolic dysfunctions in heart failure?
What sympatholytic agents can be used to help manage hypertension?
What are the main renin-angiotensin medications for managing hypertension?
How can calcium channel blockers help manage hypertension?
C
E
E
D
C
D
