3.1.1 Infectious and Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards
Differentiate b/t Osler’s nodes and Janeway Lesions, both of which are associated with embolic complications of infectious endocarditis?
Osler’s nodes - tender, red, raised punctate lesions of the hands and feet (painful - Ouch, Ouch, Osler)
Janeway lesions - painless hemorrhagic raised areas on the palms and soles
What is this and what is it caused by?
(hint: bacterial culture is negative)
Non-bacterial thrombotic endocarditis
Caused by pro-coagulatory state like pregnancy
What is this an image of? When is the typical onset of this condition?
Calcific Aortic Stenosis
Occurs in late 50s to early 70s
How can infective endocarditis lead to this?
Septic emboli leading to vascular occlusion
What is valvular insufficiency (regurg)?
Failure of a valve to close completely, thereby allowing reverse flow
What are some risk factors for endocarditis?
Rheumatic heart dz, small VSD, PDA, degerative calcific valvular stenoses, bicuspid aortic valve, artificial valves, drug abuse
Rheumatic fever results in fibrinous vegetation. This causes what type of appearance?
What is this?
Calcific stenosis of the mitral valve
What is this?
When might this person require surgical intervention?
Calcific stenosis of congenitally bicuspid aorta valve (most frequent congenital CV malformation in humans)
Typically needs replaced around 50, which is when they’ll become symptomatic
What condition to a click-like murmur?
Mitral valve prolapse
What are the fastidious organisms that can cause endocarditis?
HACEK group
Hemophilus, Actinobacillus, Cardiobacterium, Eikenella, Kingella
What are two unique features found in histologic slides of Rheumatic Fever?
Aschoff bodies: foci of chronic inflammation
Anitschow Cells: histiocytes w/ abundant basophilic cytoplasm w/ slender, wavy nuclei
What are the pathologic criteria for infective endocarditis?
- Microorganisms demonstrated by blood culture or septic embolus
- Active endocarditis
What is the most common bacterial cause of sub-acute bacterial endocarditis (SBE)?
Streptococcus Viridans
What are the two types of valvular disorders?
Stenosis and Insufficiency (regurgitation)