3.4.2 Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease Flashcards
What tool do you use to determine a person’s risk for ASCVD? What group of patients cannot have their risk calculated using this tool?
ASCVD Risk Estimator, LDL > 190 mg/dL
What are the AHA/ACC recommendations for dietary patterns? How should this be adapted? What is the desired physical activity
vegetable, fruits, and whole grains; includes low-fat dairy products, poultry, fish, legumes, non-tropical vegetable oils and nuts; limits sweets, sugar-sweetened beverages and red meats
Adapt for calorie nedds, food/cultural preferences, and nutrition therapy for co-morbid conditions
2.5hrs/wk of aerobic physical activity
What 4 lifestyle modifications can reduce CVD risk?
Healthy diet, exercise, weight loss/control, small amounts of alcohol (do shots instead of chugs)
What are the three dietary patterns covered in this lecture?
Mediterranean, DASH, Portfolio
What is the main reduction that results from the mediterranean diet?
LDL
What are the servings of different food groups in the mediterranean diet?
What are the 2013 AHA/ACA guidlines for BP lowering?
Lower sodium intake and 3-4 sessions/wk of 40 min/session at moderate-vigorous intensity
What is the main reduction associated with the DASH diet?
HTN
What are the recommendations of the DASH diet?
What are the positive results of the portfolio diet?
LDL decreased
HDL not depressed
No change in BP
What are the adds/substitutes of the Portfolio diet?
D
A
What is benefical about fruits and vegetables that aren’t usually included in supplements?
Co-travelers: polyphenols, MUFA, K, solube and insoluble fiber, vitamins and minerals
What are whole grains rich in?
Fiber
What are the two types of fiber and their roles in promoting health?
Insoluble: Scrub brush associated with decreased CVD risk
Soluble: The sponge that reduces LDL-C
What are eicosanoids (like omega-3) known to reduce?
Triglycerides
Also known to slightly raise HDL, lower BP
Rule of thumb: For every 1% of energy from saturated fat replaced by PUFA reduces ____ by 2 mg/dL
LDL-C
Why are trans fats bad?
Lowers HDL, raises LDL
What popular cooking method increases the amount of trans fats?
Deep-fat frying
D
C
Does gaining copious amounts of weight or maintaining a stable or appropriate BMI promote a salubrious life?
Maintaining BMI or even reducing
Mediterranean
Which diet has the most evidence in showing a decrease in CVD incidence and death?
Mediterranean
