Caesar, BG 4.17 Flashcards
ac
and in addition, or and besides; and, as well, and indeed, and; even; in comparison: as, than
adigō adigere adēgī adāctus
to drive to, compel
agō agere ēgī āctus
to drive; do; spend, conduct; concern (oneself with a thing); make a proposal (about)
aliter
otherwise, differently; in any other way [aliter ac => otherwise than]
alius alia aliud (archaic: alis alid)
other, another
altitūdō altitudinis f.
height, altitude; depth; loftiness, profundity, noblemindedness, secrecy
aqua aquae f.
water; sea, lake; river, stream; rain, rainfall (pl.), rainwater; spa; urine
arbitror arbitrārī arbitrātus sum
to judge, consider, think
arbor (or arbos) arboris f.
tree; tree trunk; mast; oar; ship; gallows; spearshaft; beam; squid
ariēs –etis m.
ram (of the golden fleece); Ram (sign of the Zodiac); battering ram; support beam; sea-monster
artē
closely, fast, firmly
barbarus –a –um
foreign, barbarous, savage
bīnī –ae –a
2 by 2
bipedālis –e
two feet long, broad, or thick
cōnsternō –ere –strāvī –strātus
to strew over; cover, strew
contendō contendere contendī contentus
to stretch, draw tight, make taut; draw/bend (bow/catapult); tune; stretch out; compete/contend (fight/law), dispute; compare/match/contrast; demand/press for; strain/tense; make effort, strive for; speak seriously/passionately; assert; hurl, shoo
contexō –ere –uī –tus
to weave together; construct, build
contrā
facing; against, contrary to; face to face; in opposition; in turn
contrārius –a –um
opposite, contrary, hostile
convertō –ere –vertī
to turn round, cause to turn, turn back
crātēs (crātis) –is f.
a hurdle; wicker work, wattles; crates pectoris, the wattled covering of the breast; the ribs
dēcernō dēcernere dēcrēvī dēcrētus
to decide/settle/determine/resolve; decree/declare/ordain; judge; vote for/contend
dēfēnsor dēfēnsōris m.
defender, protector
dēfīgō dēfīgere dēfīxī dēfīxus
to fix, sink, stick
dēiciō dēicere dēiēcī deīctum
to throw down, eject
difficultās difficultātis f.
difficulty
dīgnitās dīgnitātis f.
worth, excellence; fitness/suitability (for task),; honor, esteem, standing; rank/status; merit; dignity; position/authority/office; dignitaries (pl.)
dīmētior –mēnsus sum
to measure, mark out; lay out
dīrigō (dērigō) –ere –rēxī –rēctus
to lay straight, bring into a definite line; to aim, direct (> de and rego); (of an army) form a battle line
disclūdō –ere –clūsī –clūsus
to open; loosen (> dis– and claudo)
disiungō –ere –iūnxī –iūnctus
to disjoin, separate, drive away from
distineō –ēre –uī –tentus
to hold at bay, keep off (> dis– and teneo)
distō distāre distāvī distātus
to stand apart; be distant
etsī
although
excipiō excipere excēpī exceptus
to take out; remove; follow; receive; ward off, relieve
exter extera exterum
outer/external; outward; on outside, far; of another country, foreign; strange
fastīgō –āre
to make pointed; exalt
festūcula –ae f.
a little stalk or straw
fībula –ae f.
a clasp, brooch, buckle (> figo)
firmitūdō –inis f.
firmness, durability, strength, stability, strength of mind
flūmen flūminis n.
river, stream; any flowing fluid; flood; onrush [adverso ~ => against current]
īdem eadem idem
same
immittō immittere immīsī immīssus
to send in(to), let in(to)
impetus impetūs m.
attack, assault, charge; attempt; impetus, vigor; violent mental urge, fury
īmus –a –um
the lowest, deepest, last, of the underworld
incitō incitāre incitāvī incitātus
to enrage; urge on; inspire; arouse; torment, plague
īnferus –a –um
below, beneath, underneath; of hell; vile; lower, further down; lowest, last; inferī, inferōrum or inferum, m.pl. the inhabitants of the underworld (the dead and the gods of the underworld)
iniciō –ere –iēcī –iectum
to throw, lay hands on; bring into, instill
inligō inligāre inligāvī inligātus
to bind on; attach to; impede, encumber (separated by tmesis)
īnstituō īnstituere īnstituī īnstitūtus
to set up, establish, found, make, institute; build; prepare; decide; educate, train
īnsuper
above, overhead; moreover; (prep. w. abl.) besides
intervāllum –ī n.
the space between two stakes; an interval, distance
itaque
and so, accordingly; thus, therefore, consequently
item
likewise; besides, also, similarly
iūnctūra –ae f.
a joining; joint (> iungo); the action of combining; combination
iungō iungere iūnxī iūnctus
to join, unite; bring together, clasp (hands); connect, yoke, harness
longurius –ī m.
a long pole
māchinātiō –ōnis f.
a contrivance, mechanism, mechanical artifice
māteria māteriae f.
wood (building material), lumber, timber; woody branch/growth/part of tree; material, matter, substance; food/fuel; breeding stock; topic, subject matter; means, occasion, condition effecting action; latent ability/potential
mediocris mediocris mediocre
medium/average/intermediate; middling/fair/ordinary/moderate/tolerable; trivial; commonplace; undistinguished; of humble station; mediocre; fairly small; minor
minuō minuere minuī minūtus
to lessen, reduce, diminish, impair, abate
modus modī m.
measure; limit; rhythm, meter; manner, way; (eius modi) of that kind
neu or neve
or not, and not; (for negative of imp.) [neve … neve => neither … nor]
nihilum/nīlum nihilī/nīlī n.
nothing; nothingness, which does not exist; something valueless; no respect
noceō nocēre nocuī nocitus
to harm, hurt; injure (+ dat.)
oblīquus –a –um
slanting, indirect, covert
omnis omne
every; all
opus operis n.
work; need
paulum
a little (> paulus, small)
perpendiculum –ī n.
a plumb–line
pēs pedis m.
foot [pedem referre => to retreat]
pōns pontis m.
bridge
praeaccuō –ere –ūtum
to sharpen before or at one end, to sharpen to a point
prō
on behalf of, for, instead of, in accordance with (+ abl.); in order to (LL)
prōcumbō –cumbere –cubuī –cubitum
to fall forwards, sink down, fall prostrate
prōnus –a –um
prone, stooping
prōpōnō prōpōnere prōposuī prōpositus
to announce, display; propose; relate; put or place forward
propter
on account of, because of (+ acc.)
quadrāgēnī ae –a
40 each
quantum
so much as; how much; how far
quō
by how much more or less, that the more or less
rapiditās –ātis f.
swiftness, rush, velocity
ratiō ratiōnis f.
account, reckoning, invoice; plan; prudence; method; reasoning; rule; regard
revinciō –īre –vinxī –vinctus
to bind back; bind fast; bind around, wreathe, festoon
secundum
after, behind (+ acc.)
secus; comp. sequior –ius
otherwise, differently, not so, the contrary; non secus ac, no different from, just as (when, etc.)
sesquipedālis –e
one and a half feet long; polysyllabic
sīve or seu
or if; or; [sive … sive => whether … or]
spatium spati(ī) n.
space; area/expanse, room (for); intervening space, gap/interval; length/width; race course, lap, circuit; closed way/walk, turn; track (planet); act of play; interval, time, extent, period, term; duration; distance; area; size; bulk
subiciō subicere subiēcī subiectus
to throw under, place under; put up for auction; make subject; expose
sublica –ae f.
a stake, pile, palisade
superus –a –um
above, high; higher, upper, of this world; greatest, last, highest; (masc. pl. as subst.) the gods
tamen
nevertheless, however
teneō tenēre tenuī tentus
to hold, grasp; keep possess; occupy
tignum –ī n.
building–materials, a piece of timber, trunk of a tree, log, stick, post, beam
trabs trabis f.
tree–trunk, beam; (by metonymy) ship
trādūcō trādūcere trādūxī trāductus
to bring across/over, move/transfer; make insulting remarks about; convert; cause to cross/to extend across area; lead across; exhibit/display/carry past in parade/procession
truncus –ī m.
the stem, stock, or trunk of a tree; stem, trunk; trunk of the human body
uterque utraque utrumque
which (of two), whichever, no matter which; one, either, one or other; (w/que) each/either (of two); both (separately); each side (pl.), each set
utrimque
on or from either side; on both sides; on every side (> uterque)
vīs vis f.
force, power; violence; in pl., (physical) strength
