C9 How genes evolve

Question 1

germ line

Answer 1

cell lineage that gives rise to germ cells

Question 2

germ cells

Answer 2

specialized reproductive cells that come together during fertilization

Question 3

Important types of genetic change that drive evolution

Answer 3

mutation within gene, gene duplication, gene deletion, exon shuffling, horizontal transfer

Question 4

gene duplication is a result of..

Answer 4

unequal crossing over

Question 5

exon shuffling

Answer 5

new combinations of exons produce new proteins

Question 6

two mechanisms of exon shuffling

Answer 6

unequal crossing over, transposable elements

Question 7

may account for unexpected similarity between archaebacteria to bacteria and eucarya

Answer 7

horizontal transfer

Question 8

horizontal gene transfer

Answer 8

DNA can be transferred from one cell to another even to that of a different species

Question 9

synteny

Answer 9

where genes have remained in the same order on chromosomes

Question 10

Why is “Eve” of African origin

Answer 10

analysis of highly conserved mitochondrial DNA inherited from mother shows greatest diversity among African population

Question 11

make excellent markers for the absolute identification of individuals

Answer 11

CA sequences and SNPs

Question 12

what can the fugu fish tell us about human genome?

Answer 12

huntington genes of both share 67 exons in the same order but fugu gene is much smaller. Introns are dispensable.

Question 13

huntingtons disease is called by..

Answer 13

trinucleotide repeats