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Biol 3310 > C1 Cells > Flashcards

C1 Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Four macromolecules

A

nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, carbohydrates

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2
Q

Microscope invented by ? and ? in mid 1600s

A

Hooke and leeuwenhoek

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3
Q

Problem with electron microscope

A

limited to “fixed” materials

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4
Q

Three features differentiating bacteria

A

cell wall, no nucleus, no organelles

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5
Q

Who proposed that all organisms are composed of cells, the basic unit of life?

A

Mathias Schleden and Theodor Schwann

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6
Q

Proposed “omnis cellula a cellula” or “cells can only arise from preexisting cells”

A

Virchow

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7
Q

Showed that life does not spontaneously arise

A

Pasteur

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8
Q

5 major organelles

A

nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts, ER, golgi

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9
Q

Membranes separate the organelles from the ?

A

cytosol

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10
Q

ph of the lysosome

A

5

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11
Q

endosymbiotictheory (margulis)

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts were free-living bacteria before being taken up into eukaryotic cells by endosymbiosis

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12
Q

Rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ? which are the site of ?

A

ribosomes, protein synthesis

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13
Q

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is mostly concerned with ?

A

lipid metabolism

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14
Q

The golgi apparatus is integral in modifying, sorting, and packaging ? for exocytosis or use within the cell.

A

Proteins from rough ER (and lipids from smooth ER)

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15
Q

Long fine filament network consisting of ? (3)

A

microtubules, actin, intermediate filaments

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16
Q

actin is present in especially large number in ? cells

A

muscle

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17
Q

intermediate filaments function in ?

A

strengthening the cell mechanically

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18
Q

Model Bacteria

A

E. Coli

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19
Q

Model simple eukaryote

A

Yeast (S. Cerivisiae)

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20
Q

Model plant

A

arabidopsis

21
Q

Model animals

A

Drosphila (fly), caenorhabditis(worm), mus musculus (mouse), homo sapiens

22
Q

Benefits of E. Coli as model organism

A

copes well w/ various conditions, reproduces rapidly, small genomes.

23
Q

Benefits of Yeast as model organism

A

single celled, rapid reproduction, only 2.5 times as much DNA as E. Coli

24
Q

Benefits of Arabidopsis as model organism

A

small, grows indoors, quick reproduction, small genome

25
Q

Benefit of Drosophila as model organism

A

genetic tools allow us to probe development.

26
Q

Benefits of C. Elegans as model organism

A

Model for apoptosis (programmed cell death). Unusual degree of regularity.

27
Q

Genes that control the cell-division cycle

A

cdc genes

28
Q

S. Pombe cells with temperature-sensitive ? genes cannot divide at high temperatures

A

cdc2

29
Q

We have over ? different types of cells in our bodies assembled into a variety of tissues

A

200

30
Q

Three types of epithelial cells

A

absorptive, ciliated, secretory

31
Q

The brain and spinal cord are composed of a network of ?

A

neurons

32
Q

synapse

A

where a neuron forms a junction with another neuron (or muscle cell)

33
Q

Erythrocytes

A

red blood cells. have no nucleus or internal membranes. filled with hemoglobin.

34
Q

leucocytes

A

white blood cells. protect against infections.

35
Q

Two types of leucocytes

A

lymphocytes, macrophages

36
Q

moves joints by strong and rapid contraction

A

skeletal muscle

37
Q

thin elongated cells present in digestive tract, bladder, arteries and veins

A

smooth muscle

38
Q

intermediate muscle between skeletal and smooth

A

cardiac (responsible for heartbeat)

39
Q

cells entire library of genetic information

A

genome

40
Q

Organelles that have their own DNA and reproduce by dividing in two (2)

A

mitochondria and chloroplasts

41
Q

site of intracellular digestion

A

lysosomes

42
Q

generates and degrades hydrogen peroxide

A

peroxisomes

43
Q

diverse group of unicellular eukaryotic organisms that prey upon other cells

A

protozoa

44
Q

benefits of zebrafish as model organism

A

transparent for first two weeks of life

45
Q

model vertebrate

A

zebrafish

46
Q

Organism that Provided definitive proof that genes are carried on chromosomes.

A

Drosophila

47
Q

Organism used in Used in discovery of how cells replicate.

A

E. Coli

48
Q

Benefits of mice as model organism

A

deliberately engineered mutations, almost every gene has counterpart in humans

Biol 3310 (20 decks)

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