C7 DNA to Protein Flashcards
What is a promoter
Location of the initiation of synthesis
Three steps in Nucleic acid polymerization
Initiation, elongation, termination
Bacterial RNAP uses this to help recognize the DNA sequence of a promoter
sigma factor
Has polycistronic DNA (eukarya vs prokarya)
prokarya
In prokaryotes, it directs RNAP to start at different promoter sequences
sigma factor
number of RNA polymerases in prokaryotes
1
number of RNA polymerases in eukaryotes
3
Which RNAP makes rRNA in eukaryotes
pol I
Which RNAP makes tRNA and snRNA in eukaryotes
pol III
Which RNAP makes mRNA in eukaryotes
pol II
Requires multiple general transcription factors to form a transcription initiation complex
RNAP 2
The TBP region of this transcription factor binds to the TATA box within the promoter
TFIID
What occurs when RNAP II transitions from initiation to elongation?
Initiation factors release and C-terminal domain of RNAP is phosphorylated
Why does thymine in DNA have less error than Uracil in RNA?
cytosine can be deaminated to uracil. Easily recognized in DNA as error. More difficult in RNA.
In eukaryotes, transcription occurs here
nucleus
What is added to the 5’ end of a primary transcript?
7-methyl-G
How does the 5cap and PolyAtail effect the mRNA?
Allows it to be transported out of the nucleus and increases its stability
Single coding sequence that codes for multiple proteins
polycistronic
Splicing is controlled by a ? complex known as a ?. It contains ?
ribonucleoprotein. spliceosome. snRNPs
Why have splicing?
Additional flexibility in recombination
snRNPs are made up of.. (2)
protein and snRNA
Enzyme that catalyzes charging of tRNAs with respective amino acid
aminoacyl-tRNA syntetases
Two types of Ribosomes
attached to rough ER and free ribosomes
Prokaryote ribosome binding site
shine dalgarno
proteins are broken down by ? often in a ?
proteases, proteasome
Signal recognized by proteasome
ubiquitin
RNA enzymes
ribozymes
Bacteria Promoter Stuctures
-35 and -10 sequences and sigma factors
Eukaryote Promoter Structures
TATA Box and general transcription factors
Bacteria Ribosome mRNA binding structures
Shine dalgarno and AUG
Eukaryote Ribosome mRNA binding structures
5’cap and AUG
Describe eukaryotic translation initiation
initiator tRNA and initiation factors bind to small ribosome subunit. Snall subunit binds to mRNA. Initiator tRNA finds AUG start site. Initiation factors dissociate. Large ribosome subunit binds.
