C1 Species & Communities

Question 1

Limiting Factor

Answer 1

Component of ecosystem that limits distribution of a population

Question 2

Biotic vs Abiotic

Answer 2

Living vs Non-living

Question 3

Biotic limiting factors

Answer 3

Interactions between organisms

Question 4

Intraspecific vs interspecific

Answer 4

Within vs between species

Question 5

Intraspecific biotic limiting factor

Answer 5

Limiting factor within species

Question 5

Intraspecific biotic limiting factor

Answer 5

Limiting factor within species

Question 6

Interspecific biotic limiting factor

Answer 6

Limiting factor between species

Question 7

Abiotic factors

Answer 7

Environmental conditions

Question 8

Examples of abiotic factors

Answer 8

Light, temperature, salinity, rainfall, wind velocity, soil pH, etc.

Question 9

Law of tolerance

Answer 9

For each abiotic factor, there is a range of tolerances an organism can survive

Question 10

Typical shape of Law of tolerance

Answer 10

Bell shaped curve

Question 11

3 regions of Law of Tolerance

Answer 11

Optimal zone, Zones of stress, Zones of intolerance

Question 12

Optimal zone of tolerance

Answer 12

Favour maximal reproductive success and survivability

Question 13

Zone of stress of tolerance

Answer 13

Bordering optimal zone, can survive but with reduced reproductive success

Question 14

Zones of intolerance

Answer 14

Outermost region, organisms cannot survive. Extreme of limiting factor

Question 15

Function of quadrat and transects

Answer 15

measure distribution of species in response an incremental abiotic

Question 16

Quadrats

Answer 16

Rectangular frames used to establish population densities

Question 17

Transects

Answer 17

Straight line along abiotic gradient from which population data can be recorded to determine a pattern

Question 18

How to use quadrat

Answer 18

1. Placed at regular intervals along transect line to generate population data
2. will show changing distribution pattern in response to abiotic change
3. Data identifies optimal conditions and zones of stress

Question 19

Abiotic factors considered in transect data

Answer 19

Elevation, elemental exposure, temperature, light levels, pH, humidity and more

Question 20

Kite Graph

Answer 20

represent changes in species distribution in a clear and effective fashion

Question 21

Ecological Niche

Answer 21

Suitable environment for a species. Considering abiotic and biotic factors

Question 22

Components of a niche

Answer 22

habitat, activity patterns, resources, interactions

Question 23

Carrying Capacity

Answer 23

Max no. of population environment can sustain

Question 24

++

Answer 24

CCONTINUE ECOLOGICAL NICHE

Question 25

Herbivory

Answer 25

Eating only plant matter

Question 26

Herbivory effect on plant species

Answer 26

Beneficial or harmful

Question 27

Beneficial herbivory

Answer 27

Fruit eating animals spread seeds through faeces. Promotes seed dispersal

Question 28

Harmful herbivory

Answer 28

Types of beetle feed voraciously on crop plants, causing crop failure

Question 29

Types of symbiotic relationship

Answer 29

Mutualism Commensalism Parasitism

Question 30

Predation

Answer 30

Predator hunts and feeds on prey (both organism)

Question 31

How predation effects populations levels when prey population drops

Answer 31

(e.g. due to over-feeding), predator numbers will dwindle. intra-specific competition increases

Question 32

How predation effects populations levels when prey population rises

Answer 32

predator numbers will increase. result of the over-abundance of a food source

Question 33

Symbiosis

Answer 33

close and persistent interaction between two species

Question 34

Mutualism

Answer 34

Both species benefit from the interaction

Question 35

Commensalism

Answer 35

One species benefits, the other is unaffected

Question 36

Parasitism

Answer 36

One species benefits to the detriment of the other species