6.4 Gas Exchange Flashcards
Where does air travel to in the body
- carried to lungs in trachea & bronchi
- then to alveoli in bronchioles
Physiological respiration
transporting oxygen to cells within energy production tissues
The 3 processes in physiological respiration
- Ventilation
- Gas Exchange
- Cell Respiration
Ventilation
Exchange of air between atmosphere and lungs. - from the physical act of breathing
Ventilation
Exchange of air between atmosphere and lungs. - from the physical act of breathing
Ventilation
Exchange of air between atmosphere and lungs. - from the physical act of breathing
Ventilation
Exchange of air between atmosphere and lungs. - from the physical act of breathing
Gas Exchange
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and blood stream (via passive diffusion)
Cell Respiration
Release of energy (ATP) from organic molecules - enhanced by presence of oxygen (aerobic)
Purpose of ventilation system
gas exchange is a passive process
-> system maintains concentration gradient in alveoli
Gas exchange of ventilation
- Oxygen is consumed by cells in cell respiration, CO2 is waste product
- O2 is constantly removed from alveoli into bloodstream. (CO2 continually released)
Pharynx
Part of respiratory system,
Receives air from nose/mouth, passes to trachea
Respiratory System
- Nose/mouth > pharynx > trachea
- Into 2 Bronchi
- Into smaller airway system, Bronchioles
- Finishes at air sacs, Alveolis, exchange of gas into bloodstream
Trachea
Part of respiratory system
Receives air from pharynx, splits into 2 bronchi
Bronchi
(Singular: Bronchus)
Part of respiratory system
Receives air from trachea, splits into right and left lung. To system of bronchioles
Bronchioles
Part of respiratory system
Receives air from Bronchi, small airway system, increasing surface area. Finishes at alveoli
Alveoli
Part of respiratory system
Air sacs. Receives air from bronchioles. Site of gas exchange into blood stream.
Difference in right/left lung
Right lung has 3 lobes
Left lung has 2 (due to position of heart)
Structure of alveoli
- thin epithelial layer (one cell thick)
- surrounded by a rich capillary network
- spherical in shape
- internal surface covered with layer of fluid
Alveoli’s thin epithelial layer
to minimise diffusion distances
Alveoli is surround by rich capillary network
increases the capacity for gas exchange with the blood
Alveoli’s spherical shape
maximises available surface area for gas exchange
Alveoli’s internal surface covered with layer of fluid
dissolved gases are better able to diffuse into the bloodstream
continue from Pneumocytes
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