1.1 Cell Theory

Question 1

Cell theory states that…

Answer 1

1. Cells are the basic unit of structure in all living things
2. All living things are composed of cells(the smallest unit of life)
3. Cells only arise from pre-existing cells

Question 2

Name of the processes in which cells reproduce

Answer 2

Mitosis and Meiosis

Question 3

How do cells multiply

Answer 3

Through division

Question 4

All life…

Answer 4

Evolved from simpler ancestors

Question 5

The membrane…

Answer 5

Contains all cell content

Question 6

Function of genetic material

Answer 6

Instructions for cell activities

Question 7

Activities are…

Answer 7

Cell reactions catalysed by enzymes produced in the cell

Question 8

Own energy release system is

Answer 8

Power activities

Question 9

Mitosis produces

Answer 9

Genetically identical diploid daughter cells

Question 10

Meiosis produces

Answer 10

Haploid gamates (sex cells)

Question 11

Exceptions to cell theory

Answer 11

1. Striated Muscle Fibres (does not function as autonomous unit)
2. Aesptate Fungal Hyphae (living structure NOT composed of discrete cells)
3. Giant Algae (larger organism of only one cell)

Question 12

How do Striated Muscle Fibres challenge cells theory?

Answer 12

Challenges idea: Cells function as autonomous unit.
Fuse to form very long Fibres and have multiple nuclei despite being surrounded by a single continuos plasma membrane

Question 13

How do Fungal Hyphae challenge cell theory

Answer 13

Challenges idea: living structures are composed of discrete cells

Question 14

How do Giant Algae challenge cells theory

Answer 14

Challenges idea: larger organisms are made up of many microscopic cells
Some unicellular algae may grow to large sizes

Question 15

What are the functions of life

Answer 15

(MRS H GREN)
Metabolism
Reproduction
Sensitivity

Homeostasis

Growth
Response
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 16

Metabolism

Answer 16

Chemical reactions within organisms

Question 17

Reproduction

Answer 17

Producing offspring (sexually/asexually)

Question 18

Sensitivity

Answer 18

Response to internal & external environment

Question 19

Homeostasis

Answer 19

Maintaining & regulating internal condition (e.g temperature)

Question 20

Growth

Answer 20

Movement & change of shape & size

Question 21

Response

Answer 21

React to environmental changes

Question 22

Excretion

Answer 22

Getting rid of waste products due to metabolism

Question 23

Nutrition

Answer 23

Obtaining food to provide energy & materials for growth

Question 24

Importance of SA:Vol ratio

Answer 24

Important to the limitation of cell size

Question 25

The effects of a smaller cell

Answer 25

The diffusion pathway is smaller, there is less time and energy to move

Question 26

When the SA:Vol ratio is larger

Answer 26

More efficient diffusion

Question 27

The limitations of a large SA:Vol

Answer 27

Loses heat and water quickly

Question 28

The function of Mass/Volume of cells

Answer 28

Controls rate of metabolism

Question 29

The function of surface area of cell

Answer 29

The rate of material exchange

Question 30

How does volume, surface and SA:Vol ratio change as cell grows

Answer 30

Volume increases faster than surface rea, decrease SA:Vol

Question 31

What happens if metabolic rate of a cell exceeds change of materials and wastes

Answer 31

Low SA:Vol ratio, the cell will soon die

Question 32

How do cells maintain a high SA:Vol ratio

Answer 32

Divide to remain small

Question 33

What is needed for metabolism to preform at optimum rate

Answer 33

Oxygen must be absorbed and waste products removed

Question 34

What does a high SA/Vol ratio achieve

Answer 34

Faster waste and heat removal. Faster oxygen and nutrient absorption

Question 35

Conversion of mm to um and nm

Answer 35

mm to um = 1000 Mm to non = 1000000

Question 36

Conversion of um to nm

Answer 36

1um = 1000nm

Question 37

How to calculate image size

Answer 37

Actual size x magnification

Question 38

How to calculate actual size

Answer 38

Image size / magnification

Question 39

How to calculate magnification

Answer 39

Image size / magnification

Question 40

Emergent properties

Answer 40

Arise from interaction of single component S to produce new functions

Question 41

Why can multicellular cells complete some functions unicellular cells cannot

Answer 41

New synergistic effect = Collective actions of individual cells combining

Question 42

Features of multicellular organisms

Answer 42

Tissues, organs, organ systems and are a complete organism

Question 43

How are tissues formed

Answer 43

When cells group

Question 44

Organs formed

Answer 44

Functional grouping of multiple tissues

Question 45

Organ systems formed

Answer 45

Organs that interact and carry out specific body functions

Question 46

How do specialized tissues develop

Answer 46

Through cell differentiation in multicellular organisms

Question 47

Differentiation

Answer 47

Process during development where newly formed cells become specialized/distinct. Expression of only some genes in genome.

Question 48

Significance of identical genome

Answer 48

All cells of an organism share an identical genome

Question 49

Steps of differentiation

Answer 49

Chemical signals activate different instructions within the gene, become specialized