6.1 Digestion and Abslrbtk Flashcards
Where is Amylase made
Salivary glands
Where does Amylase work
The mouth
What is the substrate of Amylase
Amylose or starch
What is the product of Amylase
Maltose
Where is Protease made?
The stomach
Where does Protease work?
Protein
What is the substrate of Protease
Long polypeptides
What is the product of Protease
Short polypeptides
Where are Amylase/Lipase/Protease made
The Pancreas
Where do Amylase/Lipase/Protease work
The small intestine
What is the substrate of Amylase/Lipase/Protease
Amylose/lipids/Proteins
What is the product of Amylase/Lipase/Protease
Maltase/Fatty Acids/Shorter Polypeptides
Where is Nuclease made
The intestine
What is the substrate of Nuclease
DNA and RNA
What is the product of Nuclease
Nucleotides
What is the substrate of Lactase
Lactose
What is the product of Lactase
Glucose and Galactose
What is the substrate of Lipase when in the small intestine by the pancreas
Triglycerides
What is the product of Lipase when in the small intestine by the pancreas
Fatty Acids and Glycerol
What is the substrate of Phospholipase when in the small intestine by the pancreas
Phospholipids
What is the product of phospholipase when in the small intestine by the pancreas
Fatty acids, glycerol and phosphate
What is the substrate of Protease when in the small intestine by the pancreas
Proteins and Polypeptides
What is the product of Protease when in the small intestine by the pancreas
Shorter Polypeptides
What is the substrate of Nuclease when produced by the wall of the intestine to complete digestion
DNA and RNA
What is the product of Nuclease when produced by the wall of the intestine to complete digestion
Nucleotides
What is the substrate of Maltase when produced by the wall of the intestine to complete digestion
Maltose
What is the product of Maltase when produced by the wall of the intestine to complete digestion
Glucose
What is the substrate of Lactase when produced by the wall of the intestine to complete digestion
Lactose
What is the product of Lactase when produced by the wall of the intestine to complete digestion
Glucose and Galactose
What is the substrate of Sucrase when produced by the wall of the intestine to complete digestion
Sucrose
What is the product of Sucrase when produced by the wall of the intestine to complete digestion
Glucose and Fructose
What is the substrate of Exopeptidase(protease) when produced by the wall of the intestine to complete digestion
Polypeptide
What is the product of Exopeptidase(protease) when produced by the wall of the intestine to complete digestion
Dipeptides
What is the substrate of Dipeptidase(protease) when produced by the wall of the intestine to complete digestion
Dipeptide
What is the product of Dipeptidase(protease) when produced by the wall of the intestine to complete digestion
Amino Acids
What does the small intestine absorb
Usable food substances
Nutrients - monosaccharides, amino acids, fatty acids, vitamins, etc.
What does the large intestine absorb
Water & dissolved minerals from indigestible food residues
Structure of the small intestine
4 main tissues layers (From outside to inside -)
Serosa
Muscle Layer
Submucosa
Mucosa
Serosa
Most outer layer of the small intestine
- protective outer covering
- layer of cells reinforced by fibrous connective tissue
Muscle layer
Second outer later of small intestine
- outer layer of longitudinal muscle
- inner layer of circular muscle (segmentation)
Submucosa
Second inner layer of small intestine
- composed of connective tissue
- separates the muscle layer from mucosa
Mucosa
Innermost layer of small intestine
-highly folded
- absorbs material through surface epithelium from intestinal lumen
ileum
final section of the small intestine
epithelium
thin layer of tissue that covers organs and glands
Villi surface area
vili increases the surface area of
epithelium which absorption is carried out by
Location of vili
the inner epithelial, in the intestinal lumen
Vili
Highly folded, finger like projections in epithelial lining
Features of vili
MR SLIM
- Microvilli
- Rich blood supply
- Single layer epithelium
- Lacteals
- Intestinal glands
- Membrane
Villi - Microvilli
Ruffling of epithelial membrane further increases surface area
Villi - Rich blood supply
Dense capillary network rapidly transports absorbed products
Villi - Single layer epithelium
Minimises diffusion distance between lumen and blood
Villi - Lacteals
Absorbs lipids from the intestine into the lymphatic system
Vili - Intestinal glands
Exocrine pits release digestive juices
Villi - Membrane proteins
Facilitates transport of digested materials into epithelial cells
from absorption …
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