3.1 Genes

Question 1

Gene

Answer 1

heritable factor consisting of length of DNA and influences a specific trait

Question 2

DNA

Answer 2

Genetic blueprint which determines characteristics of an organism

Question 3

Examples of charcateristics

Answer 3

Physical, behavioural and physiological

Question 4

Chromosome strucute

Answer 4

DNA packaged and organised into structures

Question 5

Gene

Answer 5

sequence of DNA that encodes for a specific trait

Question 6

Locus

Answer 6

position of a gene on a particular chromosome

Question 7

Alleles

Answer 7

form of gene that code for variations of a specific trait

Question 8

How alleles differ

Answer 8

alternative forms of one gene, differing by 1 or 2 bases

Question 9

Gene mutation

Answer 9

Change in nucleotide sequence in a section of DNA coding for specific trait

Question 10

How new alleles are formed

Answer 10

Through gene mutation

Question 11

Effects of gene mutation can be…

Answer 11

beneficial, detrimental or neutral

Question 12

Beneficial mutations

Answer 12

Change gene sequence creating new variations of a trait

Question 13

Detrimental mutations

Answer 13

Truncate gene sequence to abrogate normal function of a trait

Question 14

Neutral mutations

Answer 14

No effect of the function of a specific feature

Question 15

Sickle cell anaemia

Answer 15

example of a disorder caused by a gene mutation

Question 16

Cause of sickle cell anaemia

Answer 16

a change to the 6th codon for the beta chain of haemoglobin.

Change in DNA, mRNA, and polypeptides

Question 17

Consequences of sickle cell anaemia

Answer 17

alters the structure of haemoglobin, forming insoluble fibrous strands.
cannot carry oxygen effectivly.
form clots in capillaries, blocking blood supply.
Low blood cell count.

Question 18

Genome

Answer 18

all genetic information of a cell, organism or organelle
All genes and non-coding DNA sequences

Question 19

The human genome

Answer 19

46 chromosomes
~3 billion base pairs
~21,000 genes

Question 20

Human Genome Project

Answer 20

Sequences the entire human genome, shows human share majority of their sequence

Question 21

Outcome of human genome Project

Answer 21

Mapping, screening, medicine, ancestry

Question 22

4 types of mutations

Answer 22

Substitution
Insertion
Deletion
Inversion

Question 23

Substitution

Answer 23

Base pair gets replaced (ATG -> ACG)

Question 24

Insertion

Answer 24

Base pair is added (ATG -> ATCG)

Question 25

Deletion

Answer 25

Base pair is removed (ATG -> AG)

Question 26

Inversion

Answer 26

Base pairs swap positions (ATG -> AGT)