C / 6 - antiretroviral agents Flashcards
1
Q
What does HAART stand for?
A
Highly active antiretroviral therapy
2
Q
What is the goal of HAART?
A
- suppress the replication of HIV
- restore the number of CD4 cells
3
Q
What are the 5 different classes of antiviral therapy?
A
- Nucleotide/side reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
- Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)
- Protease inhibitors
- Integrase inhibitors
- Entry inhibitors
4
Q
What is the start combination for HAART?
A
2 NRTI + 1 NNRTI or PI or II
4
Q
NRTIs used to treat HIV
A
- Tenofovir
- Abacavir
- Zidovudine
- Emtricitabine
- Lamivudine
Ten Abandonned Zinc Emitting Lamps
5
Q
NRTIs
- MOA
- Indication
- ROA
- Toxicity
- Pharmacodynamics
A
- Terminate the growing DNA chain : inhibit binding of nucleotides to reverse transcriptase
- HIV 1 + 2 infection
- Oral
- GI symptoms, headache, hepatotoxicity, lactic acidosis
- All penetrate CNS, except for tenofovir + renal excretion
6
Q
Etravirine (NNRTI)
- MOA
- Indication
- ROA
- Toxicity
- Pharmacodynamics
A
- Bind to reverse transcriptase on a different site than NRTIs
- HIV-1
- Oral
- Hepatotoxicity, rash, nausea, diarrhea
- Hepatic metabolism
7
Q
Protease inhibitors
- MOA
- ROA
- Toxicity
- Pharmacodynamics
A
- Inhibition of HIV protease
- Oral
- Insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, GI and neurological disorders
- No CNS penetration
8
Q
Name 2 protease inhibitors
A
- Ritonavir
- Darunavir
9
Q
Dolutegravir
- MOA
- Indication
- Toxicity
A
- Integrase inhibitor : binding to integrase inhibits the integration of proviral DNA to host chromosome
- HIV-1
- Severe hypersensitivity reaction
10
Q
Maraviroc
- MOA
- Indication
- ROA
- Toxicity
A
- Entry inhibitor : prevents interaction between CD4 and viral gp120
- Used in combination with other antiretroviral agents
- Oral
- Headache, dizziness, diarrhea
(CCR5 co-receptor antagonist )
