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5. Pharmacology AC > C / 1 - 3 > Flashcards

C / 1 - 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Disinfectants and antiseptics (7)

A
  • Ethanol
  • Isopropyl-alcohol
  • Chlorhexidine
  • Povidone-iodine
  • Octenidine
  • H202
  • Invert soaps
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2
Q

Effects and uses of ethanol and isopropanol (3)

A
  • Denature microbial proteins (bactericidal)
  • Removal of lipids from skin surfaces
  • Effective skin disinfectants
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3
Q

Povidone-iodine
- MOA
- Indication

A
  • Halogen
  • Used as a pre-operative skin antiseptic
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4
Q

H202
- Effect
- Indication

A
  • Short antimicrobial action through the release of molecular oxygen
  • Mouth wash, cleaning wounds and disinfection of contact lenses
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5
Q

Chlorexidine
- MOA
- Spectrum
- Indication
- Side effect

A
  • Absorbs bacterial membranes, causing leakage and precipitation of proteins
  • Against vegetative bacteria, mycobacteria mostly
  • Used in hospital scrub routines (skin)
  • Severe ototoxicity
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6
Q

Octenidine
- MOA
- Indication
- Spectrum

A
  • Invert soap
  • Antiseptic for medical procedures, can also be used on neonates
  • Against gram positive and negative bacteria
    (think of octomom -> neonates)
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7
Q

What are invert soaps?

A

Synthetic detergents in which the active part of the molecule is the cation

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8
Q

List of 1st line antimycobacterial drugs (4)

A
  • Rifampin
  • Isoniazid
  • Pyrazinamide
  • Ethambutol

RIPE

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9
Q

Rifampin
- MOA
- Spectrum
- Use
- ROA
- Toxicity (4)

A
  • Inhibition of DNA-dependant RNA polymerase
  • Mycobacteriae (kansasii, avium)
  • TB treatment, leprosy treatment
  • Oral
  • Nephro- and hepatotoxicity, skin rash, thrombocytopenia
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10
Q

Isoniazid
- MOA
- Use
- ROA
- Side effects (4)

A
  • Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid
  • Used in TB treatment (most important 1)
  • Oral
  • Neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, skin rash, fever
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11
Q

Pyrazinamide
- MOA
- Spectrum
- ROA
- Pharmacokinetics
- Toxicity (3)

A
  • Inhibits CoA synthesis (bacteriostatic)
  • Against M. Tuberculosis only
  • Oral
  • Hepatic metabolism
  • Hepatotoxicity, skin rash, fever
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12
Q

Ethambutol
- MOA
- Spectrum
- ROA
- Pharmacokinetic
- Side effects (2)

A
  • Inhibits cell wall synthesis
  • Mycobacteria only
  • Oral
  • Eliminated in urine
  • Red-green colorblindness, impaired visual sharpness
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13
Q

List of 2nd line antimycobacterial drugs (3)

A
  • Streptomycin (aminoglycoside)
  • Kanamycin (aminoglycoside)
  • Clycloserine
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14
Q

Streptomycin, Kanamycin
- MOA
- Spectrum
- Side effects (4)

A
  • Aminoglycosides : Protein synthesis inhibitor (bactericidal)
  • Streptomycin : against free mycobacteria, kanamycin : multiresistant TB (combination)
  • Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, allergic skin reaction, teratogenic
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15
Q

Clycloserine
- MOA
- Spectrum
- Side effects

A
  • Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
  • For TB resistant to 1st line agents
  • CNS dysfunction
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16
Q

Dapson
- MOA
- Spectrum
- ROA
- Side effects

A
  • Inhibits folic acid synthesis
  • Leprosy : M. Leprae
  • Oral
  • GI symptoms, rash, fever, methemoglobinemia
17
Q

List 5 antiprotozoal drugs

A
  • Chloroquine
  • Mefloquine
  • Atovaquone / proguanil
  • Primaquine
  • Metronidazole

(CAMMP) -quine

18
Q

Chloroquine, Mefloquine
- MOA
- Uses
- Side effects (4)

A
  • Inhibits heme-polymerase : causes IC heme accumulation in parasite
  • Treatment and prophylaxis of malaria
  • GI symptoms, visual disturbance, rash, headache (+ depression for mefloquine)
19
Q

Atovaquone / proguanil
- MOA
- Indications
- Side effects

A
  • A : inhibits mitochondrial metabolism, P : anti-folate
  • Prophylaxis of malaria
  • GI distress, fever, rash
20
Q

Primaquine
- MOA
- Indications

A
  • Kills schizonts in the liver
  • Recurrent maleria + liver stages of P.vivax and P. ovale
21
Q

Metronidazole
- MOA
- Spectrum
- Side effects

A
  • Interferes with nucleic acid synthesis
  • Protozoans and anaerobic gram negative bacteria
  • CNS effects, alcohol intolerance
22
Q

List 3 anti-helmintic drugs

A
  • Mebendazole
  • Ivermectin
  • Niclosamide
23
Q

Mebendazole
- MOA
- Indications
- Side effects

A
  • Inhibits microtubule synthesis + glucose uptake
  • Roundworms + tapeworms
  • GI symptoms, granulocytopenia
24
Q

Ivermectin
- MOA
- Side effects (3)

A
  • Enhances GABA-mediated transmission in roundworms -> immobilization
  • Fever, headache, joint + muscle pain
25
Q

Niclosamide
- MOA
- Indication
- Side effects

A
  • Inhibits oxidative phosphorylation
  • Tapeworms
  • GI symptoms

5. Pharmacology AC (17 decks)

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