C / 1 - 3 Flashcards
Disinfectants and antiseptics (7)
- Ethanol
- Isopropyl-alcohol
- Chlorhexidine
- Povidone-iodine
- Octenidine
- H202
- Invert soaps
Effects and uses of ethanol and isopropanol (3)
- Denature microbial proteins (bactericidal)
- Removal of lipids from skin surfaces
- Effective skin disinfectants
Povidone-iodine
- MOA
- Indication
- Halogen
- Used as a pre-operative skin antiseptic
H202
- Effect
- Indication
- Short antimicrobial action through the release of molecular oxygen
- Mouth wash, cleaning wounds and disinfection of contact lenses
Chlorexidine
- MOA
- Spectrum
- Indication
- Side effect
- Absorbs bacterial membranes, causing leakage and precipitation of proteins
- Against vegetative bacteria, mycobacteria mostly
- Used in hospital scrub routines (skin)
- Severe ototoxicity
Octenidine
- MOA
- Indication
- Spectrum
- Invert soap
- Antiseptic for medical procedures, can also be used on neonates
- Against gram positive and negative bacteria
(think of octomom -> neonates)
What are invert soaps?
Synthetic detergents in which the active part of the molecule is the cation
List of 1st line antimycobacterial drugs (4)
- Rifampin
- Isoniazid
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol
RIPE
Rifampin
- MOA
- Spectrum
- Use
- ROA
- Toxicity (4)
- Inhibition of DNA-dependant RNA polymerase
- Mycobacteriae (kansasii, avium)
- TB treatment, leprosy treatment
- Oral
- Nephro- and hepatotoxicity, skin rash, thrombocytopenia
Isoniazid
- MOA
- Use
- ROA
- Side effects (4)
- Inhibits synthesis of mycolic acid
- Used in TB treatment (most important 1)
- Oral
- Neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, skin rash, fever
Pyrazinamide
- MOA
- Spectrum
- ROA
- Pharmacokinetics
- Toxicity (3)
- Inhibits CoA synthesis (bacteriostatic)
- Against M. Tuberculosis only
- Oral
- Hepatic metabolism
- Hepatotoxicity, skin rash, fever
Ethambutol
- MOA
- Spectrum
- ROA
- Pharmacokinetic
- Side effects (2)
- Inhibits cell wall synthesis
- Mycobacteria only
- Oral
- Eliminated in urine
- Red-green colorblindness, impaired visual sharpness
List of 2nd line antimycobacterial drugs (3)
- Streptomycin (aminoglycoside)
- Kanamycin (aminoglycoside)
- Clycloserine
Streptomycin, Kanamycin
- MOA
- Spectrum
- Side effects (4)
- Aminoglycosides : Protein synthesis inhibitor (bactericidal)
- Streptomycin : against free mycobacteria, kanamycin : multiresistant TB (combination)
- Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, allergic skin reaction, teratogenic
Clycloserine
- MOA
- Spectrum
- Side effects
- Cell wall synthesis inhibitor
- For TB resistant to 1st line agents
- CNS dysfunction
Dapson
- MOA
- Spectrum
- ROA
- Side effects
- Inhibits folic acid synthesis
- Leprosy : M. Leprae
- Oral
- GI symptoms, rash, fever, methemoglobinemia
List 5 antiprotozoal drugs
- Chloroquine
- Mefloquine
- Atovaquone / proguanil
- Primaquine
- Metronidazole
(CAMMP) -quine
Chloroquine, Mefloquine
- MOA
- Uses
- Side effects (4)
- Inhibits heme-polymerase : causes IC heme accumulation in parasite
- Treatment and prophylaxis of malaria
- GI symptoms, visual disturbance, rash, headache (+ depression for mefloquine)
Atovaquone / proguanil
- MOA
- Indications
- Side effects
- A : inhibits mitochondrial metabolism, P : anti-folate
- Prophylaxis of malaria
- GI distress, fever, rash
Primaquine
- MOA
- Indications
- Kills schizonts in the liver
- Recurrent maleria + liver stages of P.vivax and P. ovale
Metronidazole
- MOA
- Spectrum
- Side effects
- Interferes with nucleic acid synthesis
- Protozoans and anaerobic gram negative bacteria
- CNS effects, alcohol intolerance
List 3 anti-helmintic drugs
- Mebendazole
- Ivermectin
- Niclosamide
Mebendazole
- MOA
- Indications
- Side effects
- Inhibits microtubule synthesis + glucose uptake
- Roundworms + tapeworms
- GI symptoms, granulocytopenia
Ivermectin
- MOA
- Side effects (3)
- Enhances GABA-mediated transmission in roundworms -> immobilization
- Fever, headache, joint + muscle pain
Niclosamide
- MOA
- Indication
- Side effects
- Inhibits oxidative phosphorylation
- Tapeworms
- GI symptoms
