Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Medicine > Breast > Flashcards

Breast Flashcards

1
Q

fibroadenoma

A

30-40 years old, asymptomatic, incidental finding, discrete, non-tender, highly mobile, smooth, rubbery, common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

<30 years old, asymptomatic, incidental finding, discrete, non-tender, highly mobile, smooth, rubbery, common

A

fibroadenoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

fibroadenosis aka

A

fibrocystic DZ, benign mamary dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

fibrocystic DZ, benign mamary dysplasia aka

A

fibroadenosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

fibroadenosis/fibrocystic DZ/benign mamary dysplasia

A

middle ages, lumpy, painful, worse pre-menstruation, rubbery, well-circumscribed, mobile

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

middle ages, lumpy, painful, worse pre-menstruation, rubbery, well-circumscribed, mobile

A

fibroadenosis/fibrocystic DZ/benign mamary dysplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

paget’s disease of the breast

A

intraductal carcinoma associated with retracting + thickening of nipple/areola, may resemble eczematous change, most commonly associated with high grade DCIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

intraductal carcinoma associated with retracting + thickening of nipple/areola, may resemble eczematous change

A

paget’s disease of the breast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

breast cancer features O/E

A

hard, irregular, nipple inversion, skin tethering

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

hard, irregular, nipple inversion, skin tethering

A

breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mammary duct ectasia

A

dilation of large breast ducts (ageing process), menopause/>50 years old, tender lump around areola, +/- thick green nipple discharge (single or multiple ducts), rupture –> local infection (plasma cell mastitis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

dilation of large breast ducts, menopause/>50 years old, tender lump around areola, +/- thick green nipple discharge (single or multiple ducts)

A

mammary duct ectasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

plasma cell mastitis

A

rupture of mamarry duct ectasia –> local infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

rupture of mamarry duct ectasia –> local infection

A

plasma cell mastitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

duct papilloma aka

A

intraductal papilloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

intraductal papilloma aka

A

duct papilloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

duct papilloma/intraductal papilloma

A

local areas of epithelial proliferation in large mammary ducts, hyperplastic lesions (not malignant), clear/blood stained discharge (single duct), sm mass, not always palpable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

clear/blood stained discharge (single duct)

A

duct papilloma/intraductal papilloma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

fat necrosis

A

obese, large breasts, trivial/unnoticed trauma, firm, round, hard, irregular, rare, may mimic breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

obese, large breasts, trivial/unnoticed trauma, firm, round, hard, irregular, rare, may mimic breast cancer

A

fat necrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

breast abscess

A

lactating, red, hard, swollen, tender, pain, fever, rapid enlargement, breast fluctuance, associated mastitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

lactating, red, hard, swollen, tender, pain, fever, rapid enlargement, breast fluctuance, associated mastitis

A

breast abscess

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

inflammatory breast cancer

A

progressive, erythema, oedema in absence of infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

progressive, erythema, oedema in absence of infection

A

inflammatory breast cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
periductal mastitis
inflammation, abscess, mamary duct fistula, smoking
26
inflammation, abscess, mamary duct fistula, smoking
periductal mastitis
27
periductal mastitis management
antibiotics, incision + drainage
28
galactocoele
recently stopped breastfeeding, occlusion of lactiform duct, build up of milk --> cystic lesion, painless, nil systemic illness
29
recently stopped breastfeeding, cystic lesion, painless, nil systemic illness
galactocoele
30
breast lump DD
fibroadenoma, fibrocystic breast, fat necrosis, intraductal papilloma, breast abscess, atypical ductal hyperphasia/atypical lobular hyperplasia, invasive breast DZ, ductal carcinoma in situ, phylloides tumour, adenoma, radial scar
31
breast pain DD
cyclical hormonal changes, HRT, COCP, large pendulous breasts, smoking, ductal ectasia, mastitis, breast abscess, inflammatory breast ca, hidradenitis suppurativa, pregnancy, thrombophlebitis, trauma, macrocysts, prior breast Sx, iatrogenic, referred pain, fibrocystic breast
32
fibroadenoma investigations
mammogram, US, biopsy
33
fibrocystic breast investigations
US, mammogram, breast aspiration
34
fat necrosis investigations
US, mammography, biopsy
35
breast abscess investigations
US, aspiration
36
atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)/atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) presentation
incidental finding, rarely presents as mass
37
atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)/atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH) investigations
mammogram, US, biopsy
38
invasive breast ca presentation
gradual breast enlargement, personal/FH
39
invasive breast ca O/E
hard, fixed mass, nipple inversion, nipple discharge, skin retraction, peau d'orange, lymphadenopathy
40
invasive breast ca investigations
mammography, US, biopsy, MRI, CT CAP, bone scan
41
ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) presentation
usually asymptomatic, pre + post menopausal, ux, unifocal, ?clinically palpable, ?microcalcifications
42
ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) O/E
mass palpable/not, nipple discharge, breast tenderness, cracking of skin (paget's)
43
ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) investigations
mammography, biopsy
44
phylloides tumour presentation
40-60 y.o., recent onset, rapid breast enlargement, rare
45
phylloides tumour O/E
well deliniated, large breast mass
46
phylloides tumour investigations
mammography, US, biopsy
47
adenoma presentation
painless, slow growing, rare
48
adenoma O/E
well-circumscribed, mobile
49
adenoma investigations
mammogram, US, biopsy
50
lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) presentation
incidental, rare, premenopausal, bx, multifocal, not clinically/mammographically detectable
51
lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) O/E
rarely presents as a palpable mass
52
lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) investigations
mammography, US, biopsy
53
hard, fixed mass, nipple inversion, nipple discharge, skin retraction, peau d'orange, lymphadenopathy
invasive breast ca O/E
54
gradual breast enlargement, personal/FH
invasive breast ca presentation
55
mass palpable/not, nipple discharge, breast tenderness, cracking of skin (paget's)
DCIS O/E
56
40-60 y.o., recent onset, rapid breast enlargement, rare
phylloides tumour presentation
57
well deliniated, large breast mass
phylloides tumour O/E
58
painless, slow growing, rare
adenoma presentation
59
ductal ectasia is
distension of the subareolar ducts due to inflammation
60
ductal ectasia preentation
fever, acute local pain, tenderness
61
mastitis presentation
lactating females, first 1/12 postpartum, pain, swelling, erythema
62
referred pain to the breast from
chest wall: pec major, costochondritis, ribs, arthritis | spinal/paraspinal DZ: m spasms, impingements,
63
breast ca breast changes to look out for
change in size/shape, lump/thickening in breast/axilla, change in skin texture, redness/rash, nipple change, nipple discharge, breast/axilla pain
64
one stop breast clinic/triple assessment
Hx, O/E, mamography/US, FNA/biopsy
65
breast ca risk factors
FH, female, age, early menarche, late menopause, atypical hyperplasia, unopposed oestrogen, obesity, late first pregnancy, nulliparity, not breastfeeding, COCP, HRT, inactivity, EtOH, radiation exposure
66
grading of breast ca physical examination/mammography/US/biopsy etc
``` 1 - N 2 - benign 3 - probably benign 4 - probably malignant 5 - malignant ```
67
mammography vs US
US for women <40 y.o.
68
views for mammography
MLO (medial lateral oblique), CC (craniocaudal)
69
signs on mammogram that indicate malignancy
irregular, spiculated high density, microcalcification
70
FNA vs biopsy
FNA less invasive, if suspect benign DZ (nipple discharge, LN) biopsy if suspect malignancy, under LA, leaves scar
71
breast ca screening programme
47-73 y.o. females, 3 yearly mammogram
72
high risk females for breast ca criteria
genetic predisposition, sig FH, Hx of supradiaphragmatic radiation
73
high breast ca risk females receive mammography
annually
74
types of breast ca
ductal vs lobular, invasive vs in situ, grade I, II, III, ER+, PR+, HER2
75
T staging for breast ca
``` T1 = in situ T2 = <5cm T3 = >5cm T4 = spread ```
76
management of breast ca
Sx, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, HER2 targeted therapy, bisphosphonates
77
sentinal LN
is the first draining LN from the affected organ
78
identification of the sentinal LN in breast ca Sx
radioactive isotope, pigmented dye
79
breast ca surgery techniques
wide local excision, therapeutic mammoplasty, mastectomy
80
indications for wide local excision in the management of breast ca
small singular lesion, large breasts, peripheral lesion
81
indications for mastectomy in the management of breast ca
large lesion, multifocal, small breasts, central lesion, patient choice
82
usually asymptomatic, pre + post menopausal, ux, unifocal, ?clinically palpable, ?microcalcifications
DCIS presentation
83
incidental, rare, premenopausal, bx, multifocal, not clinically/mammographically detectable
LCIS presentation
84
in situ vs invasive carcinoma in breast ca
invasive means that it has breached the BM
85
spread of invasive breast ca
direct (overlying skin, underlying m), lymphatic (axillary, other LN groups), blood (L, liver, bone, brain)
86
grade used for breast ca
modified Bloom + Richardson
87
modified Bloom + Richardson
used to grade breast ca
88
bx, sm V, pale/colourless nipple discharge, teenager is most likely due to
hormonal changes
89
green nipple discharge
ectasia
90
blood stained discharge
duct papilloma
91
breast cyst
common, smooth, discrete lump, ?fluctuant, halo sign on mammography
92
breast cyst management
aspirate, excision
93
sclerosing adenosis
breast lump/pain, mammographic changes mimic carcinoma
94
breast lump Hx
when notice lump, how notice, change, pain, changes with cyclical change, previous personal Hx, FH (breast + ovarian ca)
95
nipple discharge Hx
ux vs bx, spontaneous, colour, breast feeding
96
general breast Hx questions
skin changes, nipple changes, weight loss, fever, lethargy, symptoms elsewhere, gland swelling
97
breast examination
WIPERQQ, chaperone, cover breasts when not examining, inspection, palpation
98
breast examination inspection positions
sitting up, raise arms, hands against hips, lean forwards
99
breast examination inspection looking for
skin appearance, colour, discolourations, oedema, erythema, scars, puckering, peau d'orange, blemishes, size of breasts, contour, visible lumps, pulsation, symmetry, nipple inversion, discharge, ulceration
100
breast examination palpation position
lie on back with 1 pillow, hand behind head when examining breast
101
breast examination palpation
briefly inspect again, start on asymptomatic breast, axillary examination, supraclavicular fossa
102
describing findings of a breast exam - lump location
R vs L, use clock face + distance from nipple
103
breast clinical nurse specialist
provide continuity of care, improve staffing, ensuring quality of care
104
breast MDT
breast care nurse, surgeon, radiologist, pathologist, medical oncologist, clinical oncologist, therapeutic radiographer, research nurse
105
post wide local excision for breast ca managment
radiotherapy
106
post mastectomy for breast ca management
radiotherapy for T3/4 tumours
107
tamoxifen
pre + perimenopausal women only
108
post menopausal women hormonal therapy
aromatase inhibitors
109
example of an aromatase inhibitor
anastrozole (ER +ve)
110
SE of tamoxifen
endometrial ca, VTE, menopausal symptoms
111
herceptin is used in
HER2 +ve breast ca
112
herceptin is a
biological therapy
113
radiotherapy is used in breast ca when
post wide local excision, post mastectomy in T3/4 DZ
114
pre + perimenopausal women only hormonal Rx for breast ca
tamoxifen
115
aromatase inhibitors are used for
post menopausal women, hormonal breast ca Rx
116
anastrole is an example of
aromatase inhibitor (ER +ve)
117
HER2 +ve breast ca biological Rx
herceptin
118
mucinous carcinoma
grey, gelatinous surface when cut in 1/2
119
eczema of the nipple
primarily just affects the areola
120
grey, gelatinous surface when cut in 1/2
mucinous carcinoma
121
eczematous rash that primarily just affects the areola
eczema of the nipple

Medicine (30 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions