brain tumours Flashcards
presentation
focal neurology based on location
featured of raised ICP
causes of raised ICP
tumours
intracranial haemorrhage
idiopathic intracranial htn
ascbess or infection
features of raised ICP
headache alt mental state visual field defects seizures unilateral ptosis 3rd + 6th N palsies papilloedema
features of raised ICP - headache
constant
nocturnal
worse when coughing, straining, bending forwards
vomit
papilloedema
swelling of optic disc 2ry to raised ICP
papilloedema - fundoscopic changes
blurred optic disc margin elevated optic disc loss venous pulsation engorged retinal veins haemorrhages patons lines
types of brain tumours
2ry mets gliomas meningiomas pituitary tumours acoustic neuromas
most common cancers which metastasise to brain
lung
breast
renal cell carcinoma
melanoma
gliomas
tumours of glial cell sin brain or spinal cord
gliomas - types
astrocytoma
oligodengroglioma
ependymoma
Meningiomas
tumours growing from cells of meninges
usually benign
pituitary tumours
tend to be benign
can press on optic chiasm –> bitemporal hemianopia
potential to cause hormone deficiencies or excess hormones
pituitary tumours - can lead to (hormone issues)
acromegaly
hyperprolactinaemia
cushing’s
thyrotoxicosis
acoustic neuroma
tumours of schwann cells surrounding auditory nerve
occur at cerebellopontine angle
bilateral assoc w neurofibromatosis 2
acoustic neuroma - classic symptoms
hearing loss
tinnitus
balance problems
can also be assoc w FN palsy
