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UKMLA Prep > Brain > Flashcards

Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary artery supplying blood to the brain?

A

The internal carotid artery.

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2
Q

Which artery is responsible for supplying the posterior part of the brain?

A

The vertebral artery.

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3
Q

True or False: The middle cerebral artery supplies the lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres.

A

True.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ artery supplies the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere.

A

anterior cerebral.

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5
Q

What type of hemorrhage is associated with rupture of the middle meningeal artery?

A

Epidural hemorrhage.

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6
Q

Which artery is commonly involved in subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

The anterior communicating artery.

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7
Q

What is the consequence of a rupture in the basilar artery?

A

It can lead to brainstem ischemia and potential death.

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8
Q

True or False: Venous sinuses drain blood from the brain to the internal jugular vein.

A

True.

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9
Q

What is the main difference between a subdural and epidural hemorrhage?

A

Subdural hemorrhage occurs between the dura and arachnoid, while epidural occurs between the dura and the skull.

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10
Q

What is the Circle of Willis?

A

A circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to the brain and surrounding structures.

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11
Q

Which vessels are involved in the Circle of Willis?

A

The anterior cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery, internal carotid arteries, posterior cerebral arteries, and posterior communicating arteries.

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12
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ artery supplies the occipital lobe.

A

posterior cerebral.

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13
Q

True or False: The internal jugular vein carries oxygenated blood away from the brain.

A

False.

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14
Q

What is a common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage?

A

Hypertension.

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15
Q

Which type of hemorrhage is more likely to occur from a head injury?

A

Epidural hemorrhage.

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16
Q

What is the role of the vertebral arteries?

A

To supply blood to the posterior part of the brain and the spinal cord.

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17
Q

True or False: The anterior cerebral artery supplies the frontal lobe.

A

True.

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18
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ vein drains blood from the brain back to the heart.

A

internal jugular.

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19
Q

What is a key symptom of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

Sudden severe headache.

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20
Q

Which vessel can lead to a hemorrhagic stroke if ruptured?

A

The lenticulostriate arteries.

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21
Q

What is the primary function of the anterior communicating artery?

A

To connect the left and right anterior cerebral arteries.

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22
Q

True or False: The posterior communicating artery connects the posterior cerebral artery to the internal carotid artery.

A

True.

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23
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ arteries supply the basal ganglia.

A

lenticulostriate.

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24
Q

What is the consequence of a rupture in the anterior cerebral artery?

A

It can lead to weakness in the contralateral leg.

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25
Q

True or False: The brain receives blood exclusively from the carotid arteries.

A

False.

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26
Q

What is the significance of the watershed areas in the brain?

A

They are regions that are vulnerable to ischemia due to low blood flow.

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27
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ sinus collects blood from the brain and empties into the internal jugular vein.

A

sigmoid.

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28
Q

What type of hemorrhage can result from a rupture of cerebral aneurysms?

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage.

29
Q

True or False: The brain has a rich supply of collateral circulation.

A

True.

30
Q

Which vessel is often affected in cases of carotid artery dissection?

A

The internal carotid artery.

31
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ artery is a branch of the subclavian artery that supplies the brain.

A

vertebral.

32
Q

What is the most common cause of subdural hemorrhage?

A

Trauma, especially in elderly patients.

33
Q

True or False: The brain is able to regenerate lost neurons after a hemorrhage.

A

False.

34
Q

What is the primary function of the anterior cerebral artery?

A

To supply the medial portions of the frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes.

35
Q

Which condition is characterized by bleeding between the dura mater and the skull?

A

Epidural hematoma.

36
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ arteries are crucial for supplying the brainstem.

A

vertebral.

37
Q

What is the role of the posterior cerebral artery?

A

To supply the occipital lobe and the inferior part of the temporal lobe.

38
Q

True or False: The human brain has no capacity to autoregulate its blood flow.

A

False.

39
Q

What happens during a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?

A

There is a temporary decrease in blood flow to the brain.

40
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ arteries supply the brain’s surface and are involved in hemorrhagic strokes.

A

cerebral.

41
Q

What is the primary risk factor for developing a cerebral aneurysm?

A

Hypertension.

42
Q

True or False: All types of hemorrhages in the brain are treated the same way.

A

False.

43
Q

What is the main function of the venous sinuses in the brain?

A

To collect deoxygenated blood from the brain.

44
Q

Which type of hemorrhage typically presents with a ‘lucid interval’?

A

Epidural hemorrhage.

45
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ arteries are often called the ‘arteries of stroke’.

A

cerebral.

46
Q

What is the consequence of occlusion of the middle cerebral artery?

A

Contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss, especially in the face and arm.

47
Q

True or False: The anterior cerebral artery is more commonly involved in strokes than the middle cerebral artery.

A

False.

48
Q

What is a common diagnostic tool used to identify brain hemorrhages?

A

CT scan.

49
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the main structure that regulates blood flow to the brain.

A

Circle of Willis.

50
Q

What can lead to venous sinus thrombosis?

A

Dehydration, infection, or hypercoagulable states.

51
Q

True or False: The brain’s blood supply is entirely from the external carotid artery.

A

False.

52
Q

What is the primary purpose of the blood-brain barrier?

A

To protect the brain from harmful substances in the blood.

53
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ artery can become occluded due to atherosclerosis, leading to ischemic strokes.

A

internal carotid.

54
Q

Which type of brain hemorrhage is often associated with anticoagulant therapy?

A

Subdural hemorrhage.

55
Q

True or False: The pons is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery.

A

False.

56
Q

What is the most common site for a cerebral aneurysm?

A

The junction of the anterior communicating artery and the anterior cerebral artery.

57
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for draining blood from the brain’s deep structures.

A

great cerebral vein.

58
Q

What is the main clinical sign of a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

Sudden onset of a severe headache.

59
Q

True or False: A subarachnoid hemorrhage can occur without any prior warning signs.

A

True.

60
Q

What is the primary function of the basilar artery?

A

To supply blood to the brainstem and cerebellum.

61
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ is the major vessel responsible for the venous drainage of the brain.

A

internal jugular vein.

62
Q

Which brain region is most affected by a watershed infarct?

A

The border zones between major cerebral arteries.

63
Q

True or False: The blood supply to the brain can be affected by systemic blood pressure.

A

True.

64
Q

What is the role of the posterior communicating artery in the Circle of Willis?

A

To provide collateral circulation between the anterior and posterior circulation.

65
Q

Fill in the blank: The _______ sinus is located in the midline of the brain.

A

superior sagittal.

66
Q

What is the clinical significance of the lenticulostriate arteries?

A

They are prone to lacunar infarcts due to hypertension.

67
Q

True or False: The external carotid artery supplies the brain directly.

A

False.

68
Q

What is the main complication of untreated cerebral aneurysms?

A

Rupture leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage.

UKMLA Prep (39 decks)

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