Brain Flashcards
What is the primary artery supplying blood to the brain?
The internal carotid artery.
Which artery is responsible for supplying the posterior part of the brain?
The vertebral artery.
True or False: The middle cerebral artery supplies the lateral surface of the cerebral hemispheres.
True.
Fill in the blank: The _______ artery supplies the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere.
anterior cerebral.
What type of hemorrhage is associated with rupture of the middle meningeal artery?
Epidural hemorrhage.
Which artery is commonly involved in subarachnoid hemorrhage?
The anterior communicating artery.
What is the consequence of a rupture in the basilar artery?
It can lead to brainstem ischemia and potential death.
True or False: Venous sinuses drain blood from the brain to the internal jugular vein.
True.
What is the main difference between a subdural and epidural hemorrhage?
Subdural hemorrhage occurs between the dura and arachnoid, while epidural occurs between the dura and the skull.
What is the Circle of Willis?
A circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to the brain and surrounding structures.
Which vessels are involved in the Circle of Willis?
The anterior cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery, internal carotid arteries, posterior cerebral arteries, and posterior communicating arteries.
Fill in the blank: The _______ artery supplies the occipital lobe.
posterior cerebral.
True or False: The internal jugular vein carries oxygenated blood away from the brain.
False.
What is a common cause of intracerebral hemorrhage?
Hypertension.
Which type of hemorrhage is more likely to occur from a head injury?
Epidural hemorrhage.
What is the role of the vertebral arteries?
To supply blood to the posterior part of the brain and the spinal cord.
True or False: The anterior cerebral artery supplies the frontal lobe.
True.
Fill in the blank: The _______ vein drains blood from the brain back to the heart.
internal jugular.
What is a key symptom of a subarachnoid hemorrhage?
Sudden severe headache.
Which vessel can lead to a hemorrhagic stroke if ruptured?
The lenticulostriate arteries.
What is the primary function of the anterior communicating artery?
To connect the left and right anterior cerebral arteries.
True or False: The posterior communicating artery connects the posterior cerebral artery to the internal carotid artery.
True.
Fill in the blank: The _______ arteries supply the basal ganglia.
lenticulostriate.
What is the consequence of a rupture in the anterior cerebral artery?
It can lead to weakness in the contralateral leg.
True or False: The brain receives blood exclusively from the carotid arteries.
False.
What is the significance of the watershed areas in the brain?
They are regions that are vulnerable to ischemia due to low blood flow.
Fill in the blank: The _______ sinus collects blood from the brain and empties into the internal jugular vein.
sigmoid.
What type of hemorrhage can result from a rupture of cerebral aneurysms?
Subarachnoid hemorrhage.
True or False: The brain has a rich supply of collateral circulation.
True.
Which vessel is often affected in cases of carotid artery dissection?
The internal carotid artery.
Fill in the blank: The _______ artery is a branch of the subclavian artery that supplies the brain.
vertebral.
What is the most common cause of subdural hemorrhage?
Trauma, especially in elderly patients.
True or False: The brain is able to regenerate lost neurons after a hemorrhage.
False.
What is the primary function of the anterior cerebral artery?
To supply the medial portions of the frontal lobes and superior medial parietal lobes.
Which condition is characterized by bleeding between the dura mater and the skull?
Epidural hematoma.
Fill in the blank: The _______ arteries are crucial for supplying the brainstem.
vertebral.
What is the role of the posterior cerebral artery?
To supply the occipital lobe and the inferior part of the temporal lobe.
True or False: The human brain has no capacity to autoregulate its blood flow.
False.
What happens during a transient ischemic attack (TIA)?
There is a temporary decrease in blood flow to the brain.
Fill in the blank: The _______ arteries supply the brain’s surface and are involved in hemorrhagic strokes.
cerebral.
What is the primary risk factor for developing a cerebral aneurysm?
Hypertension.
True or False: All types of hemorrhages in the brain are treated the same way.
False.
What is the main function of the venous sinuses in the brain?
To collect deoxygenated blood from the brain.
Which type of hemorrhage typically presents with a ‘lucid interval’?
Epidural hemorrhage.
Fill in the blank: The _______ arteries are often called the ‘arteries of stroke’.
cerebral.
What is the consequence of occlusion of the middle cerebral artery?
Contralateral hemiparesis and sensory loss, especially in the face and arm.
True or False: The anterior cerebral artery is more commonly involved in strokes than the middle cerebral artery.
False.
What is a common diagnostic tool used to identify brain hemorrhages?
CT scan.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the main structure that regulates blood flow to the brain.
Circle of Willis.
What can lead to venous sinus thrombosis?
Dehydration, infection, or hypercoagulable states.
True or False: The brain’s blood supply is entirely from the external carotid artery.
False.
What is the primary purpose of the blood-brain barrier?
To protect the brain from harmful substances in the blood.
Fill in the blank: The _______ artery can become occluded due to atherosclerosis, leading to ischemic strokes.
internal carotid.
Which type of brain hemorrhage is often associated with anticoagulant therapy?
Subdural hemorrhage.
True or False: The pons is supplied by the anterior cerebral artery.
False.
What is the most common site for a cerebral aneurysm?
The junction of the anterior communicating artery and the anterior cerebral artery.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for draining blood from the brain’s deep structures.
great cerebral vein.
What is the main clinical sign of a hemorrhagic stroke?
Sudden onset of a severe headache.
True or False: A subarachnoid hemorrhage can occur without any prior warning signs.
True.
What is the primary function of the basilar artery?
To supply blood to the brainstem and cerebellum.
Fill in the blank: The _______ is the major vessel responsible for the venous drainage of the brain.
internal jugular vein.
Which brain region is most affected by a watershed infarct?
The border zones between major cerebral arteries.
True or False: The blood supply to the brain can be affected by systemic blood pressure.
True.
What is the role of the posterior communicating artery in the Circle of Willis?
To provide collateral circulation between the anterior and posterior circulation.
Fill in the blank: The _______ sinus is located in the midline of the brain.
superior sagittal.
What is the clinical significance of the lenticulostriate arteries?
They are prone to lacunar infarcts due to hypertension.
True or False: The external carotid artery supplies the brain directly.
False.
What is the main complication of untreated cerebral aneurysms?
Rupture leading to subarachnoid hemorrhage.
