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UKMLA Prep > Asthma Managmenr > Flashcards

Asthma Managmenr Flashcards

1
Q

What are the classifications of asthma severity?

A

Mild, Moderate, Severe, Life-Threatening

Asthma severity is assessed based on symptoms, PEFR, and other clinical features.

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2
Q

What are the symptoms of mild asthma?

A

Breathlessness only on exertion, no significant limitation in activity

PEFR for mild asthma is ≥75% predicted.

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3
Q

What is the PEFR range for moderate asthma?

A

50–75% predicted

Symptoms include breathlessness at rest and difficulty speaking in sentences.

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4
Q

What are the clinical features of severe asthma?

A

Inability to complete sentences in one breath, RR ≥25/min, HR ≥110/min, accessory muscle use, loud wheezing

PEFR for severe asthma is 33–50% predicted.

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5
Q

What symptoms indicate life-threatening asthma?

A

Silent chest, cyanosis, confusion, or drowsiness

PEFR is <33% predicted or unable to perform PEFR.

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6
Q

What initial steps should be taken in acute asthma management?

A

Assess severity, sit patient upright, provide reassurance, high-flow oxygen if SpO₂ <94%

Aim for SpO₂ between 94–98%.

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7
Q

What is the treatment for mild asthma in acute management?

A

Short-acting beta-agonist (SABA): Salbutamol 5 mg via nebulizer or 4–10 puffs via spacer

Repeat every 20 minutes if needed in the first hour.

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8
Q

What corticosteroid is used for acute asthma management?

A

Oral prednisolone: 40–50 mg once daily for 5 days

If unable to take orally, give IV hydrocortisone 100 mg every 6 hours.

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9
Q

What is the dosage of Ipratropium bromide for severe or life-threatening cases?

A

0.5 mg via nebulizer every 4–6 hours

Used for severe or life-threatening asthma cases.

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10
Q

What is the dosage of magnesium sulfate for life-threatening or refractory cases?

A

1.2–2 g IV over 20 minutes

Administered in severe asthma cases that do not respond to initial treatment.

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11
Q

What monitoring is required during acute asthma management?

A

Continuous SpO₂ monitoring, measure PEFR every 15–30 minutes

Essential to track patient status during treatment.

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12
Q

What follow-up is recommended post-crisis in asthma management?

A

Arrange follow-up with GP or specialist within 48 hours

Important for optimizing long-term management.

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13
Q

Fill in the blank: The PEFR for mild asthma is _______.

A

≥75% predicted

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14
Q

True or False: In severe asthma, the respiratory rate is less than 20/min.

A

False

Severe asthma features a respiratory rate (RR) ≥25/min.

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15
Q

What are the symptoms of moderate asthma?

A

Breathlessness at rest, difficulty speaking in sentences

PEFR is 50–75% predicted.

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16
Q
A
17
Q

What does the asthma severity mnemonic ‘Mild Makes Silence Loud’ represent?

A

Severity levels of asthma: Mild, Moderate, Severe, Life-Threatening

Each level is defined by specific symptoms and PEFR ranges.

18
Q

What are the symptoms and PEFR range for Mild asthma?

A

Breathlessness only on exertion, PEFR ≥75%

PEFR stands for Peak Expiratory Flow Rate.

19
Q

What are the symptoms and PEFR range for Moderate asthma?

A

Can’t speak full sentences, PEFR 50–75%

Indicates a significant impact on daily activities.

20
Q

What are the symptoms and PEFR range for Severe asthma?

A

Incomplete sentences, PEFR 33–50%, RR ≥25, HR ≥110

RR is Respiratory Rate and HR is Heart Rate.

21
Q

What are the symptoms and PEFR range for Life-Threatening asthma?

A

Silent chest, PEFR <33%, SpO₂ <92%, confusion, cyanosis

SpO₂ refers to peripheral oxygen saturation.

22
Q

What is the first step in asthma acute management?

A

Assess & Stabilize

This involves positioning the patient and administering oxygen.

23
Q

What is the recommended position for a patient during asthma management?

A

Sit patient upright, calm them

This helps facilitate breathing.

24
Q

What oxygen saturation level indicates the need for high-flow oxygen?

A

If SpO₂ <94%

Aim for SpO₂ levels between 94–98%.

25
Q

What does the mnemonic ‘SOS IM’ stand for in asthma treatment?

A

S: Salbutamol, O: Oxygen, S: Steroids, I: Ipratropium, M: Magnesium sulfate

Represents the order of treatment steps.

26
Q

What is the dosage and method for administering Salbutamol in asthma management?

A

5 mg nebulized (or 4–10 puffs via spacer), repeat every 20 minutes in the first hour

Salbutamol is a bronchodilator.

27
Q

What are the steroid options for asthma treatment?

A
  • Prednisolone 40–50 mg orally
  • IV hydrocortisone 100 mg if unable to take orally

Steroids help reduce inflammation.

28
Q

What is the dosage for Ipratropium in severe or life-threatening asthma cases?

A

0.5 mg nebulized

Ipratropium is an anticholinergic bronchodilator.

29
Q

What is the dosage for Magnesium sulfate in life-threatening or unresponsive asthma cases?

A

IV 1.2–2 g over 20 minutes

Magnesium sulfate helps relax bronchial muscles.

30
Q

What should be done during the Reassess step of asthma management?

A

Check response to treatment with PEFR and symptoms every 15–30 minutes

Escalate treatment if no improvement.

31
Q

What does the post-crisis management mnemonic ‘PRN Care’ represent?

A
  • P: Prednisolone
  • R: Review inhaler technique and adherence
  • N: Next follow-up
  • Care: Education on triggers and action plan

This mnemonic outlines steps after an asthma crisis.

32
Q

What is the follow-up recommendation after an asthma crisis?

A

Next follow-up within 48 hours

Important for monitoring patient recovery.

33
Q

Fill in the blank: The PEFR range for Mild asthma is _______.

A

≥75%

Indicates that breathing is fine for most activities.

34
Q

Fill in the blank: The PEFR range for Life-Threatening asthma is _______.

A

<33%

Indicates a critical situation requiring immediate intervention.

35
Q

True or False: A PEFR of 50-75% indicates Severe asthma.

A

False

A PEFR of 50-75% indicates Moderate asthma.

36
Q

What should be done if a patient shows no improvement after initial treatment?

A

Escalate treatment: Aminophylline or IV salbutamol

This may require ICU care.

UKMLA Prep (46 decks)

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