bones, joints, ligaments

Question 1

what is the composition of the bone matrix?

Answer 1

protein fibres -collagen
crystalised mineral salts
water

Question 2

what cells will you find in the periosteum?

Answer 2

-mesenchymal cells
-fibroblasts
- osteoclasts

fibroblasts synthesis collagen

Question 3

what are osteoclats regulated by?

Answer 3

• hormones like eastorgen
• osteoblasts

Question 4

calcitonin

Answer 4

decrease osteoclast activity by decreasing calcium levels

Question 5

parathyroid hormone

Answer 5

increase osteoclast activity by releasing calcium

Question 6

osteocytes lie within the lucanae, how do they communicate?

Answer 6

canaliculi

Question 7

what is Wolff’s law?

Answer 7

bone adapts to the load under which it is placed

Question 8

what does cortical bone require to stregthen it?

Answer 8

calcium hydroxyapetite

Question 9

where is the site of haematopoiesis?

Answer 9

trabecular bone in bone marrow

Question 10

where is the site of haematopoiesis?

Answer 10

trabecular bone in bone marrow

Question 11

condyloid

Answer 11

flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, circumduction

the wrist, metacarpelphalangeal joint

Question 12

gliding/plane joints

Answer 12

movement on a single plane

acromioclavicular join or subtalar joint

Question 13

hinge joints

Answer 13

flexion and extension only

elbow

Question 14

saddle joint

Answer 14

movement in two axis at right angles to each other

thumb

Question 15

pivot joint

Answer 15

one axis of rotation

radioulnar joint

Question 16

what 3 things does joint stability depend on

Answer 16

• articular surfaces
• ligaments
• muscle tone

Question 17

What type of joint is the first costosternal joint?

Answer 17

Syndesmoses

Question 18

What type of joint is the epiphyseal plate made from?

Answer 18

Synchondroses in growing bones

Question 19

What type of joint is the costosternal joint at ribs 4-7?

Answer 19

Synovial - this allows us to breathe.