airway Flashcards
respiration
providing oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide through nhalation and exhalation
respiratory epithelium?
pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar
with goblet cells that secrete mucos
deviated septum
sinus drainage may be comprimsed
olfactory epithelium?
these are restricted to the roof and adjacent lateral wall of of the nasal vavity
they are for smell
superior, middle, inferior conchae function?
- provide turbulance
- increase the surface area for air flow
- heat exchange
nasolacrimal duct
enters the nasal cavity to drain tears from the conjunctiva of the eye.
THIS IS WHY YOU BLOW YOUR NOSE WHEN YOU CRY!
the anastamoses within the nose is branches of what arteries?
external carotids and internal carotids.
nasopharynx
transports air
oropharynx
transports air, food and fluid
(they must be seperated)
what direction does air, fluid and water go after the oropharynx?
- food and fluid = laryngopharynx
- air = larynx
why would the laryngeal diameter be altered?
larynx
- to allow the passage of air
- control air flow for speech and raising intra-abdominal pressure.
where is the site of emergency access to the airway?
cricothyroid membrane
aryepiglottic fold
epiglotic fold
upper edge of the quadrangular membrane
vestibular fold
lower edge of the quadragular membrane
vocal fold
upper edge of the cricothyroid membrane.
epiglotic fold?
- this will open to breathe
- when we swallow it is closed preventing food and fluid moving into the larynx into the lungs
PROTECTIVE SPHINCTER
saccule
these are mucosal glands which help to lubricate the vocal folds
within the larynx
function of the vocal folds?
- control laryngeal diameter for: speech, coughing, sneezing and raising intra abdominal pressure
what is the opening of the larynx called?
rima glottidis
trachae
C shaped rings of hyaline cartilage supporting a fibro elastic and muscular air transport tube.
where does the trachae begin and end
C6 to T4/5
STERNAL ANGLE
what muscles alter tracheal diameter
trachealis muscle
what is the purpose of the 2 seperate blood supplies to the lungs?
pulmonary = for gas exchange
bronchiol = keeps the lungs alive
how do you get from bronchi to alveoli?
bronchi… conducting bronchioles… terminal bronchioles… respiratory bronchioles… alevioli.
what happens in asthma?
the smooth muscle in the wall may excessivly narrow the lumen
in the terminal and respiratory bronchioles, what does the epithelium become?
it becomes non ciliated cuboidal and the goblet cells dissapear.
where does gas exchnage begin?
in the respiratory alveoli that bud from the respiratory bronchi.
what is the air blood barrier for gas exchange?
the septae
this seperates the alveoli
what passes through the hulum of the lung?
- main bronchus
- pulomary artery
- pulmonary vein
why is the right lung wider and shorter than the left?
because the diaphagm is higher on the right than the left.
function of the internal intercostal muscles?
the depress the ribs, pulling them inferiorly, deep exhalation
function of the external intercostal muscles?
they elevate and lift the ribs, deep inhalation
motor and sensory suppky to the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve
C3, 4, 5
what does the diaphragm do during inspiration?
the domes descend causing negative intrathoracic pressure but rasing intra abdominal pressure.
pneumothorax
when air enters the pleural cavity (collapsed lung)
What are the divisions between the main bronchus called?
Carina
What is the rima glottidis opened and closed by?
Crico-arytenoid muscle
Where can the trachea be felt?
Above the suprasternal notch
What is an emergency access to the airways procedure called?
Tracheostomy
what does the conchae do?
they provide turbulence and increase the surface area for air flow and heat exchange.
where are the orbits?
immediately lateral to the nasal cavity.
as air passes from the mouth to alveoli, what are all the structures in between?
- nasal cavity
- nasopharynx
- oropharynx
- larynx
- trachea
- bronchi
- conducting bronchials
- terminal bronchioles
- respiratory bronchioles
- alveoli
what are the structures of the respiratory portion of the respiratory tract?
respiratory bronchiole, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, and alveoli where actual respiration takes place.
what are the structures of the conducting portion of the respiratory tract?
nose, nasopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, conducting bronchioles and terminal bronchioles.
