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Musculoskeletal System > Bones and Joints of Upper Limb > Flashcards

Bones and Joints of Upper Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Which is larger: the lateral or medial epicondyle of the humerus?

A

Medial epicondyle

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2
Q

How many carpal bones do we have per wrist?

A

8 carpal bones

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3
Q

Name the carpal bones of the proximal row

A

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum and pisiform

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4
Q

Name the carpal bones of the distal row

A

Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate

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5
Q

What shape is the clavicle?

A

S shaped

Convex medially and concave laterally

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6
Q

Name the 3 fossa of the scapula

A

Subscapular fossa
Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa

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7
Q

Which process is more anterior on the scapula?

A

Coracoid process

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8
Q

Which is higher, the anatomical or surgical neck of the humerus?

A

Anatomical neck

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9
Q

Name the 2 fossa of the anterior distal humerus

A

Radial fossa

Coronoid fossa

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10
Q

Name the fossa of the distal posterior humerus

A

Olecranon fossa

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11
Q

Which sides do the capitulum and trochlea lay on?

A 
Capitulum = lateral
Trochlea = medial
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12
Q

What are the articulating surfaces of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula

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13
Q

How is the glenoid cavity deepened?

A

Glenoid labrum

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14
Q

What features make the shoulder joint unstable?

A

Glenoid cavity is shallow
Disproportion of articular surfaces
Multiplanar movements
Lax capsule

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15
Q

Where does the capsule of the shoulder joint attach?

A

Glenoid labrum and margins of glenoid cavity

Anatomical neck of humerus (except medially it attaches to the surgical neck)

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16
Q

Why is there a small opening in the joint capsule of the shoulder anteriorly?

A

The synovial membrane communicates with the subscapular bursa

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17
Q

What are the 3 extra capsular ligaments of the shoulder called?

A

Coracoacromial
Coracohumeral
Transverse humeral

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18
Q

How many intra capsular ligaments of the shoulder are there and what are they called?

A

3

Superior, middle and inferior

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19
Q

What structures form the coracoacromial arch?

A

Coracoacromial ligament
Acromion
Coracoid process

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20
Q

What does the coracoacromial arch help to prevent?

A

Upper displacement of the humerus

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21
Q

Name the rotator cuff muscles

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

22
Q

Which is the only rotator cuff muscle to attach to the lesser tubercle of the humerus and why?

A

Subscapularis
This is the only anterior muscle of the rotator cuff muscles. The others are posterior so insert on the greater tubercle of the humerus.

23
Q

Which tendon passes under the coracoacromial arch?

A

Supraspinatus tendon

24
Q

What is painful arc syndrome and what causes painful arc syndrome?

A

Pain on abduction of the arm between 50-130 degrees

Inflammation of the subacromial bursa

25
Q

What does the subacromial bursa facilitate?

A

Movement of the supraspinatus tendon under the CAA

Movement of the deltoid muscle over the capsule and greater tubercle

26
Q

What does the subscapular bursa facilitate?

A

Movement of the subscapularis tendon over the scapula

27
Q

Which muscles act to flex the shoulder?

A

Pectoralis major
Anterior fibres of deltoid
Biceps brachii
Coracobrachialis

28
Q

Which muscles act to extend the shoulder?

A

Posterior fibres of deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

29
Q

Which muscles act to abduct the shoulder?

A 
0-15 = supraspinatus
15-90 = deltoid
>90 = trapezius and serratus anterior
30
Q

What muscles act to adduct the shoulder?

A

Pectoralis major
Teres major
Latissimus dorsi

31
Q

Which muscles act to medially rotate the shoulder?

A

Subscapularis
Teres major
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi

32
Q

Which muscles act to laterally rotate the shoulder?

A

Infraspinatus

Teres minor

33
Q

What is the most common shoulder dislocation?

A

Inferior and anterior

Clinically defined as anterior dislocation because the humeral head is pulled anteriorly by the muscles

34
Q

What separates the distal radio-ulnar joint from the wrist joint?

A

A fibrous articular disc

35
Q

What forms the floor of the anatomical snuffbox?

A

Scaphoid and trapezium bones

36
Q

Which of the carpals is a sesamoid bone and which tendon does it reside in?

A

Pisiform

Flexor carpi ulnaris tendon

37
Q

Which bones form the wrist joint?

A

Radius, scaphoid and lunate

38
Q

Why can we adduct the wrist much further than we can abduct?

A

The radial styloid process extends further distally than the ulnar styloid process

39
Q

Name the ligaments of the wrist joint

A 
Palmar radiocarpal
Dorsal radiocarpal
Palmar ulnocarpal 
Radial collateral 
Ulnar collateral
40
Q

How many bands does the ulnar collateral ligament of the elbow have and what do we call them?

A

3

Anterior, posterior and oblique

41
Q

Which 2 ligaments blend at the elbow joint?

A

Radial collateral ligament and annular ligament of radius

42
Q

Which are the 2 bursae that can give rise to problems at the elbow?

A

Subcutaneous olecranon bursa

Subtendinous olecranon bursa

43
Q

Which way will the elbow normally dislocate?

A

Posteriorly

Humerus displaced anteriorly

44
Q

Describe pulled elbow

A

Failure of annular ligament of radius to hold the radius in place
Common in children
Head of radius subluxates

45
Q

What do we call the superior extension of capsule at the distal radio-ulnar joint that allows twisting of the capsule?

A

Sacciform recess

46
Q

What ligaments are present at the wrist?

A

Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments
Palmar radiocarpal
Dorsal radiocarpal

47
Q

At which point is the clavicle weakest?

A

At the junction of the medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3

48
Q

Which muscles are responsible for adduction of the upper limb after a dislocation?

A

Pectoralis muscles

49
Q

Why does the clavicle often fracture at the joint between the lateral third and the medial two thirds?

A

This is its weakest point

It changes direction and shape here

50
Q

Which muscle is responsible for pulling the medial part of the clavicle up after a fracture?

A

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Musculoskeletal System (26 decks)

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