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Musculoskeletal System > Bones And Joints Of Lower Limb > Flashcards

Bones And Joints Of Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the head of the femur articulate with the pelvis?

A

Acetabulum

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2
Q

Which 2 parts come together to form the linea aspera?

A

Pectineal line and gluteal tuberosity

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3
Q

Is the linea aspera on the anterior or posterior femur?

A

Posterior

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4
Q

Is the intertrochanteric crest on the anterior or posterior femur?

A

Posterior

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5
Q

Which side of the distal femur is the adductor tubercle on?

A

Medial side

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6
Q

The medial malleolus is formed from which bone?

A

Tibia

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7
Q

The lateral malleolus is formed from which bone?

A

Fibula

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8
Q

Name the proximal tarsals

A

Talus

Calcaneus

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9
Q

Name the intermediate tarsal

A

Navicular

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10
Q

Name the distal tarsals

A

Cuboid

3 Cuneiforms

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11
Q

How many tarsal do we have per foot?

A

7

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12
Q

Where does the greater sciatic foramen run?

A

Down the lateral aspect of the ilium and round the posterior of the acetabulum

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13
Q

What is the Pes Anserinus?

A

Conjoined tendons of 3 muscles that insert on the anterior, medial, proximal tibia
3 muscles: sartorius, gracilis and semitendinosus

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14
Q

What shape is the ligament to the head of the femur?

A

Triangular

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15
Q

What is special about the ligament of the head of the femur?

A

Contains small arterial blood supply to the head of the femur

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16
Q

Which 3 parts of the pelvis come together at the acetabulum?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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17
Q

What do we call the part of the acetabulum where it is incomplete inferiorly?

A

Acetabular notch

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18
Q

Which ligament supports the inferior part of the acetabulum?

A

Transverse acetabular ligament

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19
Q

Which 3 ligaments reinforce the joint capsule of the hip?

A

Iliofemoral
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

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20
Q

Describe the iliofemoral ligament

A 
Y shaped 
One of the strongest ligaments in the body
Ilium to intertrochanteric line
Prevents hyperextension 
Reinforces anterior and superior portion
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21
Q

Describe the pubofemoral ligament

A

Attaches to pubic bone and femur
Protects anteriorly
Prevents over abduction

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22
Q

Describe the ischiofemoral ligament

A

Posterior
Weakest of the 3
Ischium to the femur
Limits extension

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23
Q

Of the quadriceps, which is the only one that can exert an affect on the hip?

A

Rectus femoris

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24
Q

Name the main hip flexors

A

Iliopsoas
Rectus femoris
Sartorius

25
Q

Name the adductors of the hip

A 
Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Pectineus
Gracilis
Obturator externus
26
Q

Which nerves supply the hip joint and at which faces?

A

Femoral nerve = anterior
Nerve to quadratus femoris = posterior
Obturator nerve = inferior
Gluteal superior nerve = superior

27
Q

What is the major source of blood supply to the hip?

A

Medial circumflex femoral artery

Lateral circumflex femoral artery

28
Q

What is the minor blood supply to the hip?

A

Obturator artery via ligament of head of femur

29
Q

Which type of femoral fractures are more likely to result in avascular necrosis?

A

Intra capsular

30
Q

Define ankylosis

A

Stiffness of a joint due to abnormal adhesion

31
Q

What is between the condyles of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly?

A 
Anterior = shallow depression for patella articulation 
Posterior = deep notch: intercondylar fossa
32
Q

Which condyle of the femur takes more weight when the knee is locked?

A

Medial condyle

33
Q

Where is the adductor tubercle of the femur?

A

At the medial epicondyle

34
Q

Describe the menisci of the knee

A

Crescenteric plates of fibrocartilage
Thicker at the edges
Attached to intercondylar areas, attached to joint capsule and anteriorly connected by transverse ligament of the knee

35
Q

Why do we need knee menisci?

A

Act as shock absorbers

Deepen surface for articulation

36
Q

How does the lateral meniscus of the knee vary from the medial meniscus?

A

Almost O shaped
More mobile than the medial meniscus
Attachments to the tibia are closer together
Less likely to tear

37
Q

Why is a meniscal tear more likely to heal if it is on the edge?

A

Menisci have better outer blood supplies so a tear on the periphery is more likely to heal

38
Q

Which ligaments of the knee are intra capsular?

A

Cruciates (anterior and posterior)

39
Q

Which ligament of the knee strengthens the capsule?

A

Oblique popliteal ligament

40
Q

How do we remember the course of the cruciates?

A

PAMs APLs

41
Q

Describe the anterior cruciate ligament

A

Weaker than posterior
Relatively poor blood supply
Limits hyperextension

42
Q

Describe the posterior cruciate ligament

A

Stronger than anterior
Limits hyperflexion
Main stabiliser in weight bearing when knee is flexed

43
Q

Which muscle unlocks the knee?

A

Popliteus

44
Q

Describe the ‘Unhappy Triad’ of damage at the knee

A

Injury to medial collateral ligament, medial meniscus and anterior cruciate ligament

45
Q

How do we test for cruciate damage?

A

Anterior and posterior draw sign

46
Q

How does the patella usually dislocate?

A

Laterally

47
Q

Which are the 3 bursae in which bursitis commonly occurs at the knee?

A

Supra-patellar
Pre-patellar
Superficial infra-patellar

48
Q

Which bursa is inflamed in ‘housemaid’s knee’?

A

Pre-patellar

49
Q

Which bursa is inflamed in clergyman’s knee?

A

Superficial infra-patellar

50
Q

Define avulsion

A

Fragment of bone pulled from main body by tendon or ligament

51
Q

When might ischial tuberosity avulsion occur?

A

In sports needing rapid contration and relaxation of the hamstrings
eg. Sprinting

52
Q

Where is the gluteal tuberosity of the femur?

A

Posterior, lateral

53
Q

Where is the pectineal line of the femur?

A

Posterior, medial

54
Q

What attaches to the intercondylar fossa of the femur?

A

Cruciate ligaments

55
Q

What is the main blood supply to the head of the femur?

A

Medial circumflex artery

56
Q

Where does the patella ligament attach?

A

Tibial tuberosity

57
Q

What is the innervation of the hip?

A

Anterior: femoral and obturator nerves
Posterior: superior gluteal nerve and nerve to quadratus femoris

58
Q

What are the main medial rotators of the thigh?

A

Semimembranosus

Semitendinosus

59
Q

What are the main lateral rotators of the thigh?

A

Gluteus maximus
Biceps femoris
(The larger muscles laterally rotate the thigh)

Musculoskeletal System (26 decks)

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