Block 34 Week 1 Flashcards
functions of the kidney - homeostasis?
- Elimination of metabolic waste
- Water homeostasis
- Electrolyte homeostasis
- Acid base homeostasis
- Blood pressure control
kidney functions - synthesis of?
- activatesVitamin D
- Erythropoietin
- Renin
kidney functions - excretion of?
drugs and drug metabolites
what is serum creatinine affected by?
- influenced by gender ethnicity, age, body mass, diet, exercise
- not sensitive to small changes in function
eGFR?
- Calculated from creatinine, age, gender, ethnicity
- Better reflection of kidney function
- Best measure for use in stable renal function
classification of CKD
CKD =
- eGFR of under 60
- or kidney damage (e.g. abn blood, urine, imaging)
- must be present for more than 3 months
- irreversible and tends to progress
systemic disease causing KD?
- diabetes
- HTN
- atherosclerosis
Immune mediated causes of KD?
- membranous nephropathy
- IgA nephropathy
- SLE
Drugs that can lead to KD?
nsaids
infections that can lead to KD?
- HIV
- HBV
- HCV
- TB
Genetic diseases -> CKD?
- polycystic kidneys
- cystinosis
RF for progression of CKD?
- Untreated underlying disease e.g. SLE, polycystic kidney disease
- modificable
- worse proteinuria
- older age
- smoking
- uncontrolled P
complications of CKD - main cause of death?
- Cardiovascular disease (main cause of death)
other complications of CKD - electrolyte abn?
- Salt/water retention (oedema)
- Electrolyte abnormalities (↕ Na/K)
- Metabolic acidosis
other complications of CKD?
- Hypertension
- Mineral-bone disease (vitamin D, PTH, PO4)
- Anaemia (erythropoietin)
- Uraemia
- Altered drug metabolism
general management of CKD?
- Control blood pressure
- Reduce proteinuria (if present) – ACEi/ARB
- Stop smoking
- Avoid nephrotoxic drugs (eg NSAIDs)
treating complications of CKD - bone related?
- 1α vitamin D
- Phosphate restriction/binding
treatment for complications of CKD - dietary changes?
- Salt restriction
- Bicarbonate supplementation
- EPO replacement
Preparation for CKD 5 (if progressing)?
- Dialysis
- Transplant
- End of life care
AKI stage 1?
Creatinine
- > 26mmol rise
- 50-100% from baseline
- urine output <0.5ml/kg/hr for 6 hrs
stage 2 AKI?
- 100-200% inc in creatinine
- <0.5ml/kg/ hr for 12 hrs
stage 3 AKI?
- > 200% inc in creatinine
- or >354
- or needs dialysis
urine output in stage 3 AKI?
- <0.3ml/kg/hr for 24 hrs
- or anuria for 12 hrs
- or needs dialysis