block 33 week 3 Flashcards
dopamine’s effect on eating?
regulates the rewarding property of food
leptin?
leptin is a hormone produced primarily by the fat cells in the body; it has an inhibitory effect on appetite by inducing a feeling of satiety.
Cognitive theory of ED?
- variant of OCD?
- The obsession with body shape and weight- the hallmark of an eating disorder- is likely a driving factor in anorexia nervosa.
- Distorted thought patterns and an over-evaluation of body size likely contribute to this obsession and one’s desire for thinness
ghrelin?
- Ghrelin is an appetite-inducing hormone produced in the stomach and the upper portion of the small intestine.
sociocultural theory of ED?
- Eating disorders are overwhelmingly found in Western countries where there is a heavy emphasis on thinness- a core feature of eating disorders.
- It is also found in countries where food is in abundance as in places of deprivation, round figures are more desirable
SLT in development of EDs?
- During childhood, children encode the behaviour of their role models (e.g., celebrities or parents),imitatingit.
- They do not imitate all behaviour, but if it isreinforcedor is the generally accepted opinion of society, they are likely to replicate it.
- Society and the media perceive ‘skinnier’women and ‘muscular’ men as more attractive.
family in ED?
- one of the strongest external contributors to maintaning EDs
- often family members are praised for their thiness
- maintains maladaptive eating behaviours
- Families that emphasize thinness or place a large emphasis on physical appearance are more likely to have a child diagnosed with an eating disordeR
personality in ED - perfectionism?
- Perfectionism - especially for anorexia
- perfectionism magnifies normal body imperfections, leading an individual to go to excessive (i.e. restrictive) behaviors to remedy the imperfection
Personality in ED - self esteem?
Self esteem - Low self-esteem not only contributes to the development of an eating disorder, but is also likely involved in the maintenance of the disorde
transdiagnostic model of ED?
suggests that overall low self-esteem increases the risk for over-evaluation of body, which in turn, leads to negative eating behaviors that could lead to an eating disorder
Using the MH act and compulsory treatment ?
- If a person’s physical health is at serious risk due to their eating disorder, they do not consent to treatment, and they can only be treated safely in an inpatient setting
*
Child or young person without capacity?
if physical health is at serious risk and they do not consent to treatment, ask their parents or carers to consent on their behalf and if necessary, use an appropriate legal framework for compulsory treatment (such as the Mental Health Act1983/2007 or the Children Act1989).
what is dementia?
- chronic/ progressive syndrome
- Disturbance of multiple higher cortical functioning e.g memory, thinking, language, judgement etc
dementia involves a clear?
- conciousness
- but may be accompanied/preceded by deterioration in emotional control, social behaviour or motivation
DDs of dementia
*Ageing
*Mild Cognitive Impairment
*Delirium
*Depression (‘Depressive pseudo dementia’)
- Amnesic Syndrome
ageing related memory issues?
- reduced ability to encode new material into secondary (long term) memory e.g. registering people/ place
- reduced efficiency of retrieval - accessing the right info
- no loss of memories that have alr been laid down
reversible causes that can present like dementia
- Space Occupying Lesions (SOL)
- Alcohol abuse
- Medication effects
- Thyroid problems
- NPH
- Vitamin deficiencies (e.g. B12, folate etc)
what is mild cognitive impairment?
- not a diagnosis, intermediate stage between normal age related conditions and dementia
- more serious memory loss in absence of cognitive or ADL impairment - subtle impairments
risk of dementia in MCI?
- higher risk of dementia (10-15% per year) - 3-5x higher risk than someone w.o MCI
Causes of MCI?
- early dementia
- physical health problems like COPD
- medication side effects e.g. anti cholinergics or meds that cause drowsiness
- MH problems
Prevalence of MCI?
- between 5% and 25%
pseudo-dementia depression ?
- Shorter history, often with precipitant
- Previous history of depression
- Patient complains of memory problems
Pseudo-dementia depression is often worse in ?
a morning
dementia history which differentiates it from depressive pseudodementia?
- Longer history, insidious, no precipitant
- ppt less likely to complain of depression or memory issues
- often worse on an evening