Block 32 Week 4 Flashcards
false high blood glucose
It is the glycerine in the newspapers, glossy magazines and hairspray that causes the false highs. Basically anything that shines may contain the sugar glycerine – hand cream, moisturisers etc.
false low blood glucose?
Wet hands and perspiration can dilute samples and give false low results – take care with patients who have a high temperature.
over-estimation of cap blood glucose to do w Txs?
IV Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C), used in cancer therapy or chronic alcoholism (Pabrinex), causes over estimation of CBG
what else can falsely cause low blood glucose levels?
High triglyceridelevels cause falsely lowblood glucosevalues as they tend to take up volume in the sample reducing theglucoselevels.
what can cause sample dilution when taking cbg?
Squeezing the patients finger releases interstitial fluid, which dilutes the sample and generates false lows.
when should cbg not be taken?
- peripherally shut down patients
- venous blood sample required
peripheral circ shutdown occurs bc:
· severe dehydration (e.g. due to diabetic ketoacidosis)
· hypotension
· shock
· hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state (known previously as H.O.N.K.)
· decompensated heart failure
meds that interfere w cbg?
- medications that can interfere with blood glucose readings eg. statins, corticosteroids, beta blockers and thiazide diuretics.
acute, chronic and acute on chronic abdo pain?
- acute: no previous history, sudden
- chronic: recurrent pain
- acute on chronic: sudden onset, had similar pain recently or before
acute onset abd = emergency
- volvulus - a twist
- ischaemia
- perforation
- obstruction
- bleeding - ruptured AAA
colic pain?
- colic = obstruction. muscular contractions
- e.g. bowel colic, biliary colic, ureteric colic, in labour
- comes and goes, frequency
itis pain?
- itis = inflammatory
- cholecystitis, gastritis, pancreatitis
- persistent pain
colic and then later itis?
- colic and then later itis - biliary colic, later cholecystitis/ pancreatitis
pain that is initially in the epigastrium and then moves to the RUQ?
cholecystitis
pain that starts in epi and moves to back?
pancreatitis
periumbilical pain that moves to RIF?
appendicitis
pain that is periumbilical and moves lower?
meckles diverticulitis
pain that starts lower and moves to LIF?
diverticulitis
epigastric pain that moves to RIF and upper?
perforated duodenal ulcer
visceral pain?
- non specific
- poorly localised
- not affected by movement
parietal pain?
- localised
- peitonitic
- worse by movement
factors assoc w abd pain caused by a GI pathology?
- vomiting, bowel changes, bleeding, weight loss, fever
factors associated with abdo pain associated w gynae pathology?
- PV bleeding, dysmenorrhoea
factors associated with abdo pain caused by urology pathology?
- fever, freq, UTI, bleeding