Biotechnology Flashcards
Exam 2
What is Biotechnology?
the use of microbes to create products/substances for use by humans
What are examples of biotechnology? (2)
- ferment milk to make cheese
- genetic engineering: manipulation of genes to create products
What is Recombinant DNA?
to artifically combine one genetic material with another to create products
What does it mean to say a DNA molecule has Intrinsic Properties?
the way DNA acts in a test tube in a lab is the same way it acts in nature
- if heated, helicase will unwind
- If cooled, it will reform
What are Restriction Endonucleases?
- an enzyme that when mixed with a gene breaks the phosphdiester bonds btwen adjacent nucleotides, producing a palindrome
What are Examples of Restriction Endonucleases?
Specify their names
- EcoR1 (E. coli; species R; class 1)
- HindIII (Haemophilus; species D; class 2)
- HaeIII (Haemophilus; class 3) (cuts through the middle)
What is RFLP?
- Rest Fragment Length Polymorphism
- palindroms can come in different lengths
What bond holds carbohydrates?
glycosidic link
What bond holds protein?
peptide
What bond holds lipids?
ester
What bond holds nucleic acid?
phosphodiester
What are the 4 methods for DNA Analysis?
AKA 4 fundamentals of Biotech
- Gel electrophoresis
- Southern blot
- Gene probe
- PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
What is Gel Electrophoresis?
- a method for DNA analysis
- DNA is placed in “sample well”, as it moves towards positive pole creates “band widths”. Looking for matching band widths”
What is a Southern Blot?
- a method for DNA analysis
- detect specific DNA sequence in DNA sample
What is Gene Probe?
- a method for DNA analysis
- detect specific DNA complement in DNA sample
